fdupes - Għodda tal-Linja tal-Kmand biex issib u tħassar Fajls Duplikati fil-Linux
Huwa rekwiżit komuni li jinstabu u jissostitwixxu fajls duplikati għal ħafna mill-utenti tal-kompjuter. Is-sejba u t-tneħħija ta' fajls duplikati hija biċċa xogħol goja li titlob ħin u paċenzja. Is-sejba ta' fajls duplikati tista' tkun faċli ħafna jekk il-magna tiegħek hija mħaddma minn GNU/Linux, grazzi għall-utilità 'fdupes'.
Fdupes hija utilità Linux miktuba minn Adrian Lopez fil-Lingwa ta 'programmar C rilaxxata taħt il-Liċenzja MIT. L-applikazzjoni hija kapaċi ssib fajls duplikati fis-sett partikolari ta 'direttorji u sotto-direttorji. Fdupes jirrikonoxxu duplikati billi jqabblu l-firma MD5 tal-fajls segwit minn paragun minn byte għal byte. Jistgħu jiġu mgħoddija ħafna għażliet b'Fdupes biex jelenkaw, iħassru u jissostitwixxu l-fajls b'hardlinks għal duplikati.
Il-paragun jibda fl-ordni:
paragun tad-daqs > Tqabbil tal-Firem MD5 Parzjali > Tqabbil sħiħ tal-Firem MD5 > Tqabbil minn Byte għal Byte.
Installa fdupes fuq Linux
Installazzjoni ta 'l-aħħar verżjoni ta' fdupes (verżjoni fdupes 1.51) faċli daqs li taħdem wara kmand fuq sistemi bbażati fuq Debian bħal Ubuntu u Linux Mint.
$ sudo apt-get install fdupes
Fuq sistemi bbażati fuq CentOS/RHEL u Fedora, għandek bżonn tixgħel ir-repożitorju epel biex tinstalla l-pakkett fdupes.
# yum install fdupes # dnf install fdupes [On Fedora 22 onwards]
Nota: Il-maniġer tal-pakkett default yum huwa sostitwit b'dnf minn Fedora 22 'il quddiem...
Kif tuża l-kmand fdupes?
1. Għal skop ta' dimostrazzjoni, ejja noħolqu ftit fajls duplikati taħt direttorju (jiġifieri tecmint) sempliċement bħala:
$ mkdir /home/"$USER"/Desktop/tecmint && cd /home/"$USER"/Desktop/tecmint && for i in {1..15}; do echo "I Love Tecmint. Tecmint is a very nice community of Linux Users." > tecmint${i}.txt ; done
Wara li taħdem fuq il-kmand, ejja nivverifikaw li l-fajls duplikati jinħolqu jew ma jużawx il-kmand ls.
$ ls -l total 60 -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint10.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint11.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint12.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint13.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint14.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint15.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint3.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint4.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint5.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint6.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint7.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint8.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint9.txt
L-iskrittura t'hawn fuq toħloq 15-il fajl jiġifieri tecmint1.txt, tecmint2.txt... tecmint15.txt u kull fajl fih l-istess data jiġifieri,
"I Love Tecmint. Tecmint is a very nice community of Linux Users."
2. Issa fittex fajls duplikati fil-folder tecmint.
$ fdupes /home/$USER/Desktop/tecmint /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint13.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint8.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint11.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint3.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint4.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint6.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint7.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint9.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint10.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint2.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint5.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint14.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint1.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint15.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint12.txt
3. Fittex duplikati b'mod rikorsiv taħt kull direttorju inkluż is-sub-direttorji tiegħu billi tuża l-għażla -r.
Hija tfittex madwar il-fajls u l-fowlder kollha b'mod rikorsiv, skont in-numru ta 'fajls u folders, se tieħu xi żmien biex tiskennja d-duplikati. F'dak iż-żmien medju, inti ser tiġi ppreżentata bil-progress totali fit-terminal, xi ħaġa bħal din.
$ fdupes -r /home Progress [37780/54747] 69%
4. Ara d-daqs tad-duplikati misjuba fi ħdan folder billi tuża l-għażla -S.
$ fdupes -S /home/$USER/Desktop/tecmint 65 bytes each: /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint13.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint8.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint11.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint3.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint4.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint6.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint7.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint9.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint10.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint2.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint5.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint14.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint1.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint15.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint12.txt
5. Tista 'tara d-daqs tal-fajls duplikati għal kull direttorju u subdirettorji li jiltaqgħu magħhom billi tuża l-għażliet -S u -r fl-istess ħin, kif:
$ fdupes -Sr /home/avi/Desktop/ 65 bytes each: /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint13.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint8.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint11.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint3.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint4.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint6.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint7.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint9.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint10.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint2.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint5.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint14.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint1.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint15.txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint12.txt 107 bytes each: /home/tecmint/Desktop/resume_files/r-csc.html /home/tecmint/Desktop/resume_files/fc.html
6. Minbarra t-tiftix f'folder wieħed jew il-folders kollha b'mod rikorsiv, tista 'tagħżel li tagħżel f'żewġ folders jew tliet folders kif meħtieġ. Biex ma nsemmux tista' tuża l-għażla -S u/jew -r jekk meħtieġ.
$ fdupes /home/avi/Desktop/ /home/avi/Templates/
7. Biex tħassar il-fajls duplikati filwaqt li tippreserva kopja tista’ tuża l-għażla ‘-d’. Għandha tingħata attenzjoni żejda waqt li tuża din l-għażla inkella tista 'tispiċċa titlef il-fajls/data meħtieġa u f'moħħok li l-proċess ma jistax jiġi rkuprat.
$ fdupes -d /home/$USER/Desktop/tecmint [1] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint13.txt [2] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint8.txt [3] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint11.txt [4] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint3.txt [5] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint4.txt [6] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint6.txt [7] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint7.txt [8] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint9.txt [9] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint10.txt [10] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint2.txt [11] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint5.txt [12] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint14.txt [13] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint1.txt [14] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint15.txt [15] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint12.txt Set 1 of 1, preserve files [1 - 15, all]:
Tista 'tinnota li d-duplikati kollha huma elenkati u inti mħeġġa tħassar, jew wieħed wieħed jew ċertu firxa jew kollha f'daqqa. Tista 'tagħżel firxa xi ħaġa bħal hawn taħt biex tħassar fajls fajls ta' firxa speċifika.
Set 1 of 1, preserve files [1 - 15, all]: 2-15 [-] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint13.txt [+] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint8.txt [-] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint11.txt [-] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint3.txt [-] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint4.txt [-] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint6.txt [-] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint7.txt [-] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint9.txt [-] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint10.txt [-] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint2.txt [-] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint5.txt [-] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint14.txt [-] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint1.txt [-] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint15.txt [-] /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint/tecmint12.txt
8. Mill-aspett tas-sigurtà, tista 'tixtieq tipprintja l-output ta' 'fdupes' għall-fajl u mbagħad iċċekkja l-fajl tat-test biex tiddeċiedi liema fajl tħassar. Dan inaqqas iċ-ċansijiet li l-fajl tiegħek jitħassar aċċidentalment. Tista' tagħmel:
$ fdupes -Sr /home > /home/fdupes.txt
Nota: Tista' tissostitwixxi '/home' bil-folder mixtieq tiegħek. Uża wkoll l-għażla '-r' u '-S' jekk trid tfittex b'mod rikorsiv u Print Size, rispettivament.
9. Tista’ tħalli barra l-ewwel fajl minn kull sett ta’ logħbiet billi tuża l-għażla ‘-f’.
L-ewwel Lista fajls tad-direttorju.
$ ls -l /home/$USER/Desktop/tecmint total 20 -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint9 (3rd copy).txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint9 (4th copy).txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint9 (another copy).txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint9 (copy).txt -rw-r--r-- 1 tecmint tecmint 65 Aug 8 11:22 tecmint9.txt
u mbagħad tħalli barra l-ewwel fajl minn kull sett ta 'logħbiet.
$ fdupes -f /home/$USER/Desktop/tecmint /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint9 (copy).txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint9 (3rd copy).txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint9 (another copy).txt /home/tecmint/Desktop/tecmint9 (4th copy).txt
10. Iċċekkja l-verżjoni installata tal-fdupes.
$ fdupes --version fdupes 1.51
11. Jekk għandek bżonn xi għajnuna fuq fdupes tista’ tuża swiċċ ‘-h’.
$ fdupes -h
Usage: fdupes [options] DIRECTORY...
-r --recurse for every directory given follow subdirectories
encountered within
-R --recurse: for each directory given after this option follow
subdirectories encountered within (note the ':' at
the end of the option, manpage for more details)
-s --symlinks follow symlinks
-H --hardlinks normally, when two or more files point to the same
disk area they are treated as non-duplicates; this
option will change this behavior
-n --noempty exclude zero-length files from consideration
-A --nohidden exclude hidden files from consideration
-f --omitfirst omit the first file in each set of matches
-1 --sameline list each set of matches on a single line
-S --size show size of duplicate files
-m --summarize summarize dupe information
-q --quiet hide progress indicator
-d --delete prompt user for files to preserve and delete all
others; important: under particular circumstances,
data may be lost when using this option together
with -s or --symlinks, or when specifying a
particular directory more than once; refer to the
fdupes documentation for additional information
-N --noprompt together with --delete, preserve the first file in
each set of duplicates and delete the rest without
prompting the user
-v --version display fdupes version
-h --help display this help message
Dak għal kulħadd issa. Let me know kif kont qed issib u tħassar fajls duplikati sa issa fil-Linux? u għidli wkoll l-opinjoni tiegħek dwar din l-utilità. Poġġi l-feedback siewi tiegħek fit-taqsima tal-kummenti hawn taħt u tinsiex li jħobbna/taqsamna u għinna nfirxu.
Qed naħdem fuq utilità oħra msejħa fslint biex inneħħi fajls duplikati, dalwaqt se nippubblika u intom inħobbu taqraw.