Kif Tuża 8 Utilitajiet Utli ta' Goodies Debian biex Immaniġġja l-Pakketti Debian
Debian-goodies huwa pakkett li jinkludi utilitajiet ta' stil ta' toolbox użati biex jimmaniġġjaw Debian u s-sistemi derivattivi tiegħu bħal Ubuntu, Kali Linux. L-utilitajiet taħt dan il-pakkett huma żviluppati b'tali mod li jikkombinaw ma 'ħafna għodod tal-qoxra rikonoxxuti u oħrajn huma inklużi minħabba li ma jistgħux jiġu żviluppati bħala pakketti tagħhom stess fuq distribuzzjonijiet Linux ibbażati fuq Debian.
F'din il-gwida se nħarsu lejn kif nużaw l-utilitajiet taħt il-pakkett debian-goodies li jinkludu dglob, debget, dpigs, dgrep, debmany, checkrestart, popbugs u which-pkg-broke.
Ejja naraw id-deskrizzjoni ta 'kull għodda hawn taħt:
- dglob – Ipproduċi lista ta' ismijiet ta' pakketti li jaqblu ma' mudell
- dgrep – Fittex il-fajls kollha f'pakketti partikolari għal regex
- dpigs – Uri liema pakketti installati ħadu l-aktar spazju fuq disk
- debget – Ikseb .deb għal pakkett fid-database tal-APT
- debmany – Agħżel manpages ta' pakketti installati jew imneħħija
- checkrstart – Isib u terġa' tibda proċessi li qed jużaw verżjonijiet skaduti ta' fajls aġġornati
- popbugs – Uri rapport personalizzat ta' bug kritiku għar-rilaxx ibbażat fuq pakketti li tuża
- which-pkg-broke – Aqbad liema pakkett seta’ kisser ieħor
Dawn huma utilitajiet utli ħafna li jistgħu jagħmlu l-Amministrazzjoni tas-Sistema ħafna aktar faċli meta jintużaw ma 'għodod oħra tal-qoxra. Fil-fatt, l-għodda Debian-goodies turi aktar informazzjoni dwar pakketti minn għodod standard bħal dpkg u għodod apt.
Kif Tinstalla Debian-goodies f'Debian, Ubuntu u Linux Mint
Biex tinstalla l-pakkett debian-goodies, mexxi dan il-kmand hawn taħt.
# sudo apt-get install debian-goodies
Ladarba l-pakkett debian-goodies ikun ġie installat, issa wasal iż-żmien li tiċċekkja l-użu ta 'kull utilità pprovduta minn dan il-pakkett fil-bqija tal-artikolu.
Kif tuża l-utilitajiet Debian-Goodies
Id-dglob jiġġenera lista ta' ismijiet ta' pakketti jew fajls kif speċifikat f'mudell. Biex tiġġenera l-isem tal-pakketti kollha, sempliċement ħaddem dglob jew inkludi l-għażla -a.
[email :~# dglob fonts-sil-abyssinica libatk-adaptor openoffice-onlineupdate libvorbisfile3 libquadmath0 libxkbfile1 linux-sound-base python-apt-common python-gi-cairo libgs9-common libgom-1.0-common libqt5qml5 libgtk2.0-bin libregexp-common-perl evolution-data-server libaccount-plugin-generic-oauth bind9-host libhtml-tagset-perl iputils-ping libcgmanager0 evince ...
Biex issir taf jekk jeżistix pakkett fis-sistema tiegħek, mexxi dglob bl-isem tal-pakkett. Fl-eżempju hawn taħt għandna nfittxu Firefox, Apache2 u debain-goodies.
[email :~# dglob firefox firefox-locale-en unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks firefox [email :~# dglob apache2 apache2 apache2-utils apache2-bin apache2-data [email :~# dglob debian-goodies debian-goodies
Tista' tipprintja lista tal-fajls kollha fil-pakkett speċifikat billi tuża l-għażliet -f.
[email :~# dglob -f firefox /usr/share/doc/firefox-locale-en/copyright /usr/share/doc/firefox-locale-en/changelog.Debian.gz /usr/lib/firefox-addons/extensions/[email /usr/lib/firefox-addons/extensions/[email /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/amazondotcom.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/google.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/ddg.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/google.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/amazon-en-GB.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/ddg.xml /usr/lib/firefox/webapprt/extensions/[email /usr/lib/firefox/webapprt/extensions/[email /usr/share/unity/scopes/web/firefoxbookmarks.scope /usr/share/unity-scopes/firefoxbookmarks/unity_firefoxbookmarks_daemon.py /usr/share/unity-scopes/firefoxbookmarks/__init__.py /usr/share/doc/unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks/copyright ....
L-utilità dgreb tintuża biex tfittex fajls f'ismijiet ta' pakketti speċifikati għal espressjoni regolari. Bażikament jgħaddi minn fajls ta 'pakketti li huma installati fis-sistema tiegħek u ħafna mill-għażliet użati huma dawk użati ma' grep ħlief għal ftit.
Biex tispeċifika mudell, uża l-għażla -e kif ġej.
[email :~# dgrep -e README apache2 /usr/sbin/apache2ctl: echo Setting ulimit failed. See README.Debian for more information. >&2 /usr/sbin/a2enmod: info( "See /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz on " /etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf: AddIcon /icons/hand.right.gif README /etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf: # ReadmeName is the name of the README file the server will look for by /etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf: ReadmeName README.html /etc/apache2/mods-available/cache_disk.conf: # /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian, and the htcacheclean(8) /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf: # /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz for more info. ...
Biex tipprintja l-isem ta’ kull fajl ta’ input li minnu l-output kien ikun stampat, uża l-għażla -l.
[email :~# dgrep -l conf apache2 /usr/sbin/a2query /usr/sbin/apache2ctl /usr/sbin/a2enmod /usr/share/doc/apache2/migrate-sites.pl /usr/share/doc/apache2/copyright /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.multiple-instances /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/setup-instance /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/secondary-init-script /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.backtrace /usr/share/apache2/apache2-maintscript-helper /usr/share/lintian/overrides/apache2 /etc/bash_completion.d/apache2 /etc/init.d/apache2 ...
Biex turi biss partijiet imqabbla ta' linja li tqabbel, uża l-għażla -o.
[email :~# dgrep -o conf apache2 /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf ...
Din l-utilità tintuża biex turi pakketti li użaw l-aktar spazju fis-sistema tiegħek. Huwa importanti ħafna speċjalment meta tkun qed tispiċċa l-ispazju u trid tneħħi xi pakketti.
Biex issir taf pakketti li jikkunsmaw l-aktar spazju fis-sistema tiegħek, sempliċement ħaddem dan il-kmand.
[email :~# dpigs 158762 linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic 157066 linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic 155037 wine1.8-amd64 143459 wine1.8-i386 103364 linux-firmware 100412 firefox 96741 openjdk-8-jre-headless 96302 libgl1-mesa-dri 90808 thunderbird 90652 liboxideqtcore0
Tista' tuża l-għażla -H biex taqra daqsijiet tal-pakketti f'format li jinqara mill-bniedem.
[email :~# dpigs -H 155.0M linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic 153.4M linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic 151.4M wine1.8-amd64 140.1M wine1.8-i386 100.9M linux-firmware 98.1M firefox 94.5M openjdk-8-jre-headless 94.0M libgl1-mesa-dri 88.7M thunderbird 88.5M liboxideqtcore0
Biex tispeċifika numru partikolari ta' pakketti minbarra l-default li huwa 10, uża l-għażla -n.
[email :~# dpigs -H -n 15 155.0M linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic 153.4M linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic 151.4M wine1.8-amd64 140.1M wine1.8-i386 100.9M linux-firmware 98.1M firefox 94.5M openjdk-8-jre-headless 94.0M libgl1-mesa-dri 88.7M thunderbird 88.5M liboxideqtcore0 87.9M libgl1-mesa-dri 81.3M openoffice-core04 77.8M fonts-horai-umefont 64.2M linux-headers-4.2.0-16 61.5M ubuntu-docs
Biex tfittex għajnuna fl-użu tad-dpigs, uża l-għażla -h.
[email :~# dpigs -h
Usage: dpigs [options]
Options:
-n, --lines=N
Display the N largest packages on the system (default 10).
-s, --status=status-file
Use status-file instead of the default dpkg status file.
-S, --source
Display the largest source packages of binary packages installed
on the system.
-H, --human-readable
Display package sizes in human-readable format (like ls -lh or du -h)
-h, --help
Display this message.
Id-dejn jintuża biex tikseb .deb partikolari għal pakkett mid-database tal-pakketti tal-APT. Fl-eżempji li jmiss se nġibu fajls .deb għall-utilitajiet apache2, zip u tar.
[email :~# debget apache2 (apache2 -> 2.4.12-2ubuntu2)
[email :~# debget zip
(zip -> 3.0-11)
Downloading zip from http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zip/zip_3.0-11_amd64.deb
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0 154k 0 1211 0 0 2039 0 0:01:17 --:--:-- 0:01:17 47 154k 47 75059 0 0 44694 0 0:00:03 0:00:01 0:00:02 100 154k 100 154k 0 0 74182 0 0:00:02 0:00:02 --:--:-- 74220
[email :~# debget tar
(tar -> 1.27.1-2)
Downloading tar from http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/tar/tar_1.27.1-2_amd64.deb
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 15 191k 15 30155 0 0 48338 0 0:00:04 --:--:-- 0:00:04 100 191k 100 191k 0 0 201k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 201k
Il-pakketti kollha .deb fetched.
[email :~# dir -hl total 348K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 86K Dec 30 12:46 apache2_2.4.7-1ubuntu4.6_amd64.deb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 192K Dec 30 12:46 tar_1.27.1-2_amd64.deb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 155K Dec 30 12:46 zip_3.0-11_amd64.deb
Jintuża biex tagħżel il-paġni tad-dħul manwali ta' pakketti installati jew mhux installati fis-sistema tiegħek. Din l-utilità tippermettilek tara l-manpages kollha ta' pakkett.
Xi wħud mill-għażliet li ġejjin tista' tuża ma' debmany biex turi l-manpage billi tuża t-telespettatur tal-għażla tiegħek:
Jekk tuża l-ambjent tad-desktop KDE, uża l-għażla -k biex tuża kfmclient.
[email :~# debmany -k tar
Nota: M'għandix KDE DE installat fis-sistema tiegħi, għalhekk huwa diffiċli li turi l-output tal-kmand t'hawn fuq.
Jekk tuża l-ambjent tad-desktop GNOME, uża l-għażla -g biex tuża gnome-open.
[email :~# debmany -g tar
Jekk tuża l-ambjent tad-desktop KDE/GNOME/Xfce, uża l-għażla -x biex tuża kdg-open.
[email :~# debmany -x tar
Kun żgur li t-telespettaturi t'hawn fuq huma installati qabel ma tkun tista' tużahom jew inkella jista' jkollok żball.
Il-chechstart jintuża biex jinstabu u jerġgħu jibdew proċessi li qed jużaw verżjonijiet antiki ta 'fajls li diġà ġew aġġornati.
Biex tuża checkrstart mal-proċessi kollha, uża l-għażla -a.
[email :~# checkrestart -a
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
Found 30 processes using old versions of upgraded files
(28 distinct programs)
(23 distinct packages)
Of these, 1 seem to contain systemd service definitions or init scripts which can be used to restart them.
The following packages seem to have definitions that could be used
to restart their services:
openssh-server:
1947 /usr/sbin/sshd
1889 /usr/sbin/sshd
These are the initd scripts:
service ssh restart
...
Biex tispeċifika biss proċess ta' fajls imħassra li huma mehmuża ma' pakkett partikolari fis-sistema, uża l-għażla -p.
[email :~# checkrestart -p
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
Found 0 processes using old versions of upgraded files
Tista' tiġġenera informazzjoni dettaljata tal-ħruġ billi tuża l-għażla -v.
[email :~# checkrestart -v
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
Found 1 processes using old versions of upgraded files
(1 distinct program)
[DEBUG] Process /usr/bin/update-manager (PID: 2027)
List of deleted files in use:
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
[DEBUG] Running:['dpkg-query', '--search', '/usr/bin/update-manager']
[DEBUG] Reading line from dpkg-query: update-manager: /usr/bin/update-manager
[DEBUG] Found package update-manager for program /usr/bin/update-manager
(1 distinct packages)
[DEBUG] Running:['dpkg-query', '--listfiles', 'update-manager']
These processes (1) do not seem to have an associated init script to restart them:
update-manager:
2027 /usr/bin/update-manager
Jintuża biex juri lista ta' bugs kritiċi tar-rilaxx personalizzati bbażati fuq il-pakketti li tuża b'mod komuni fis-sistema tiegħek. Meta tmexxi popbugs mingħajr ebda għażla għall-ewwel darba, jurik messaġġ bħal dak ta 'hawn taħt.
[email :~# popbugs
There is no popularity-contest data present on your system. This
probably means that popularity-contest has not yet run since it
was installed. Try waiting for /etc/cron.daily/popularity-contest to
to collect some data or manually run (as root user):
/usr/sbin/popularity-contest >/var/log/popularity-contest
Biex tiġġenera l-ġurnal tal-kompetizzjoni tal-popolarità, mexxi dan il-kmand hawn taħt.
[email :~# /usr/sbin/popularity-contest > /var/log/popularity-contest
Biex taħżen l-output f'fajl, uża l-għażla –output=/path/to/file. Il-fajl tal-output għandu jkun fajl html.
[email :~# popbugs --output=/tmp/output.html
Biex tara l-fajl tal-output tiftaħ il-fajl mill-web browser billi tispeċifika l-post tal-fajl.
Biex turi informazzjoni ta' debugging, uża l-għażla -d.
[email :~# popbugs --d POPCON: Adding package zeitgeist-core POPCON: Adding package upstart POPCON: Adding package unity-gtk2-module POPCON: Adding package whoopsie POPCON: Adding package xserver-xorg-input-evdev POPCON: Adding package unity-services POPCON: Adding package zlib1g POPCON: Adding package xserver-xorg-core ..
Jintuża biex jinstabu pakketti li jkunu kisru pakkett ieħor. Xi drabi s-sistema tiegħek tista' tinkiser minn ċerti pakketti speċjalment meta taġġornaha. Għalhekk which-pkg-broke jista' jgħinek issib il-pakketti li kissru s-sistema tiegħek jew pakkett partikolari fis-sistema.
Biex issir taf pakketti li kissru apache2, mexxi dan il-kmand hawn taħt.
[email :~# which-pkg-broke apache2 Package apache2 has no install time info Package mysql-common has no install time info Package libaprutil1-ldap has no install time info Package has no install time info Package libmysqlclient18 has no install time info Package has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 has no install time info Package has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-mysql has no install time info Package apache2-utils has no install time info Package libpq5 has no install time info Package apache2-data has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-pgsql has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-odbc has no install time info libacl1:amd64 Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015 libattr1:amd64 Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015 insserv Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015 libc6:amd64 Wed Apr 22 17:31:55 2015 ...
Sommarju
Hemm ħafna utilitajiet oħra relatati ma 'dawk li għandna nħarsu lejhom, li nistgħu nitgħallmu dwarhom f'artikoli sussegwenti. Nittama li ssibu din il-gwida utli u jekk ikollok xi żbalji meta tużahom jew għandek xi ideat oħra x'iżżid, jekk jogħġbok ibgħat kumment. Ibqa’ konness ma’ Tecmint.