Kif Tiċċekkja Liema Moduli Apache huma Attivati/Imgħobbija fil-Linux

F'din il-gwida, se nitkellmu fil-qosor dwar il-front-end tas-server tal-web Apache u kif telenka jew tivverifika liema moduli Apache ġew attivati fuq is-server tiegħek.

Apache huwa mibni, ibbażat fuq il-prinċipju tal-modularità, b'dan il-mod, jippermetti lill-amministraturi tas-server tal-web biex iżidu moduli differenti biex jestendu l-funzjonalitajiet primarji tiegħu u jtejbu l-prestazzjoni tal-apache wkoll.

Uħud mill-moduli Apache komuni jinkludu:

mod_ssl – li joffri HTTPS għal Apache.
mod_rewrite – li jippermetti t-tqabbil tal-mudelli tal-url ma' espressjonijiet regolari, u twettaq redirect trasparenti billi tuża tricks .htaccess, jew tapplika rispons tal-kodiċi tal-istatus HTTP.
mod_security – li toffrilek tipproteġi lil Apache kontra attakki Brute Force jew DDoS.
mod_status – li jippermettilek tissorvelja t-tagħbija tas-server tal-web Apache u l-istatika tal-paġna.

Fil-Linux, il-kmand apachectl jew apache2ctl jintuża biex jikkontrolla l-interface tas-server Apache HTTP, huwa front-end għal Apache.

Tista' turi l-informazzjoni dwar l-użu għal apache2ctl kif ġej:

$ apache2ctl help
OR
$ apachectl help

Usage: /usr/sbin/httpd [-D name] [-d directory] [-f file]
                       [-C "directive"] [-c "directive"]
                       [-k start|restart|graceful|graceful-stop|stop]
                       [-v] [-V] [-h] [-l] [-L] [-t] [-S]
Options:
  -D name            : define a name for use in  directives
  -d directory       : specify an alternate initial ServerRoot
  -f file            : specify an alternate ServerConfigFile
  -C "directive"     : process directive before reading config files
  -c "directive"     : process directive after reading config files
  -e level           : show startup errors of level (see LogLevel)
  -E file            : log startup errors to file
  -v                 : show version number
  -V                 : show compile settings
  -h                 : list available command line options (this page)
  -l                 : list compiled in modules
  -L                 : list available configuration directives
  -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS  : show parsed settings (currently only vhost settings)
  -S                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS
  -t -D DUMP_MODULES : show all loaded modules 
  -M                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_MODULES
  -t                 : run syntax check for config files

apache2ctl jista' jiffunzjona f'żewġ modi possibbli, mod Sys V init u mod pass-through. Fil-modalità init SysV, apache2ctl jieħu kmandi sempliċi ta' kelma waħda fil-forma hawn taħt:

$ apachectl command
OR
$ apache2ctl command

Pereżempju, biex tibda Apache u tiċċekkja l-istatus tiegħu, mexxi dawn iż-żewġ kmandi bi privileġġi tal-utent root billi tuża l-kmand sudo, f'każ li tkun utent normali:

$ sudo apache2ctl start
$ sudo apache2ctl status

[email  ~ $ sudo apache2ctl start
AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
httpd (pid 1456) already running
[email  ~ $ sudo apache2ctl status
Apache Server Status for localhost (via 127.0.0.1)

Server Version: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
Server MPM: prefork
Server Built: 2016-07-14T12:32:26

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Current Time: Tuesday, 15-Nov-2016 11:47:28 IST
Restart Time: Tuesday, 15-Nov-2016 10:21:46 IST
Parent Server Config. Generation: 2
Parent Server MPM Generation: 1
Server uptime: 1 hour 25 minutes 41 seconds
Server load: 0.97 0.94 0.77
Total accesses: 2 - Total Traffic: 3 kB
CPU Usage: u0 s0 cu0 cs0
.000389 requests/sec - 0 B/second - 1536 B/request
1 requests currently being processed, 4 idle workers

__W__...........................................................
................................................................
......................

Scoreboard Key:
"_" Waiting for Connection, "S" Starting up, "R" Reading Request,
"W" Sending Reply, "K" Keepalive (read), "D" DNS Lookup,
"C" Closing connection, "L" Logging, "G" Gracefully finishing,
"I" Idle cleanup of worker, "." Open slot with no current process

U meta jopera fil-modalità pass-through, apache2ctl jista 'jieħu l-argumenti Apache kollha fis-sintassi li ġejja:

$ apachectl [apache-argument]
$ apache2ctl [apache-argument]

L-argumenti Apache kollha jistgħu jiġu elenkati kif ġej:

$ apache2 help    [On Debian based systems]
$ httpd help      [On RHEL based systems]

Għalhekk, sabiex tivverifika liema moduli huma attivati fuq is-server tal-web Apache tiegħek, ħaddem il-kmand applikabbli hawn taħt għad-distribuzzjoni tiegħek, fejn -t -D DUMP_MODULES huwa argument Apache biex turi l-moduli kollha attivati/mgħobbija. :

---------------  On Debian based systems --------------- 
$ apache2ctl -t -D DUMP_MODULES   
OR 
$ apache2ctl -M

---------------  On RHEL based systems --------------- 
$ apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES   
OR 
$ httpd -M
$ apache2ctl -M

 apachectl -M
Loaded Modules:
 core_module (static)
 mpm_prefork_module (static)
 http_module (static)
 so_module (static)
 auth_basic_module (shared)
 auth_digest_module (shared)
 authn_file_module (shared)
 authn_alias_module (shared)
 authn_anon_module (shared)
 authn_dbm_module (shared)
 authn_default_module (shared)
 authz_host_module (shared)
 authz_user_module (shared)
 authz_owner_module (shared)
 authz_groupfile_module (shared)
 authz_dbm_module (shared)
 authz_default_module (shared)
 ldap_module (shared)
 authnz_ldap_module (shared)
 include_module (shared)
....

Dak kollox! f'dan it-tutorja sempliċi, spjegajna kif tuża l-għodod ta 'quddiem Apache biex telenka moduli apache attivati/mgħabbew. Żomm f'moħħok li tista' tagħmel kuntatt billi tuża l-formola ta' feedback hawn taħt biex tibgħatilna l-mistoqsijiet jew il-kummenti tiegħek dwar din il-gwida.