Eżempji Utli ta' Kmand tal-Ospitanti għal Mistoqsija ta' Lookups DNS
Il-kmand tal-ospitanti huwa utilità CLI minima u faċli biex tużah biex iwettaq lookups DNS li jittraduċu l-ismijiet tad-dominju għal indirizzi IP u viċi versa. Jista 'jintuża wkoll biex jelenka u jivverifika diversi tipi ta' rekords DNS bħal NS u MX, jittestja u jivvalida server ISP DNS u konnettività tal-Internet, rekords tal-ispam u lista sewda, skoperta u soluzzjoni tal-problemi tas-server DNS fost oħrajn.
F'dan l-artikolu, se nitgħallmu kif nużaw il-kmand tal-host bi ftit eżempji utli fil-Linux biex inwettqu lookups DNS. F'artikoli preċedenti, urejna l-aktar kmandi Nslookup 8 użati għall-ittestjar u s-soluzzjoni tal-problemi tas-servers DNS u biex nistaqsu rekords speċifiċi tar-riżorsi tad-DNS (RR) ukoll.
Spjegajna wkoll 10 Linux Dig (Domain Information Groper) kmandi biex titlob informazzjoni DNS, taħdem aktar bħall-għodda Nslookup. L-utilità ospitanti taħdem ukoll b'mod simili u tiġi installata minn qabel fuq il-biċċa l-kbira tad-distros Linux mainstream jekk mhux kollha.
B'dak li ntqal, ejja nħarsu lejn dawn l-14-il kmandi tal-ospitanti hawn taħt.
Sib l-Indirizz IP tad-Dominju
Dan huwa l-aktar kmand tal-host sempliċi li tista’ tmexxi, ipprovdi biss isem ta’ dominju bħal google.com biex tikseb l-indirizzi IP assoċjati.
$ host google.com google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.
Sib Servers tal-Ismijiet tad-Dominju
Biex issir taf is-servers tal-ismijiet tad-dominju uża l-għażla -t.
$ host -t ns google.com google.com name server ns1.google.com. google.com name server ns2.google.com. google.com name server ns3.google.com. google.com name server ns4.google.com.
Sib Rekord CNAME tad-Dominju
Biex issir taf id-dominju CNAME, mexxi.
$ host -t cname mail.google.com mail.google.com is an alias for googlemail.l.google.com.
Sib Rekord MX tad-Dominju
Biex issir taf ir-rekords MX għal dominju.
$ host -n -t mx google.com ogle.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com.
Sib Rekord TXT tad-Dominju
Biex issir taf ir-rekords TXT għal dominju.
$ host -t txt google.com google.com descriptive text "v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all"
Sib Rekord SOA tad-Dominju
Tista' tagħmel tentattiv tal-host biex turi r-rekords SOA għal żona speċifikata, mis-servers tal-ismijiet awtorevoli kollha elenkati għal dik iż-żona bil-bandiera -C.
$ host -C google.com Nameserver 216.239.38.10: google.com has SOA record ns1.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60 Nameserver 216.239.32.10: google.com has SOA record ns3.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60 Nameserver 216.239.34.10: google.com has SOA record ns4.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60 Nameserver 216.239.36.10: google.com has SOA record ns2.google.com. dns-admin.google.com. 156142728 900 900 1800 60
Mistoqsija Isem Partikolari Server
Biex mistoqsija particual domain name server.
$ host google.com ns4.google.com Using domain server: Name: ns4.google.com Address: 216.239.38.10#53 Aliases: google.com has address 172.217.19.46 google.com has address 172.217.19.46 google.com has address 172.217.19.46 google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4005:808::200e google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com.
Sib l-Informazzjoni Kollha tar-Rekords u ż-Żoni tad-Dominju
Biex tagħmel mistoqsija tat-tip ANY, uża l-għażla -a (kollha) li hija ekwivalenti għall-issettjar tal-għażla -v.
$ host -a google.com Trying "google.com" ;; ->>HEADER<
Ikseb Informazzjoni TTL tad-Dominju
Biex issir taf l-informazzjoni tad-dominju TTL.
$ host -v -t a google.com Trying "google.com" ;; ->>HEADER<
Uża Jew IPv4 jew IPv6
L-għażla -4 jew -6 iġiegħel lill-ospitant juża biss it-trasport tal-mistoqsijiet IPv4 jew IPV6 biss rispettivament.
$ host -4 google.com OR $ host -6 google.com
Wettaq Mistoqsijiet Mhux Rikursivi
L-għażla -r twettaq mistoqsijiet mhux rikursivi, innota li l-issettjar ta 'din l-għażla tneħħi l-RD (rikursjoni mixtieqa), il-bit fil-mistoqsija li jagħmel l-host.
$ host -rR 5 google.com google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.
Issettja Retries UDP għal Lookup
B'default in-numru ta 'prova UDP huwa 1, biex jibdlu, uża l-marka -R.
$ host -R 5 google.com google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com.
Issettja l-Ħin tal-Mistoqsija Stenna għat-Tweġiba
Bl-użu tas-swiċċ -W, tista' tagħti struzzjonijiet lill-host biex jistenna tweġiba għall-ħin speċifikat f'sekondi u jekk tintuża l-bandiera -w, tagħmel lill-host jistenna għal dejjem għal tweġiba:
$ host -T -W 10 google.com google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has address 216.58.201.46 google.com has IPv6 address 2a00:1450:4009:80b::200e google.com mail is handled by 10 aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 40 alt3.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 30 alt2.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 20 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com. google.com mail is handled by 50 alt4.aspmx.l.google.com.
Dak hu! F'dan l-artikolu, tgħallimna kif nużaw il-kmand tal-host bi ftit eżempji utli fil-Linux. Uża l-formola ta' feedback hawn taħt biex taqsam xi ħsibijiet magħna dwar din il-gwida.