10 Kmandi Nginx L-aktar Użati Kull Utent Linux Għandu Jaf
Nginx (pronunzjat Engine x) huwa server HTTP u reverse proxy b'xejn, ta' sors miftuħ, ta' prestazzjoni għolja, skalabbli, affidabbli, b'karatteristiċi sħaħ u popolari, server proxy tal-posta, u server proxy TCP/UDP ġeneriku.
Nginx huwa magħruf sew għall-konfigurazzjoni sempliċi tiegħu, u l-konsum baxx ta 'riżorsi minħabba l-prestazzjoni għolja tiegħu, qed jintuża biex iħaddem diversi siti ta' traffiku għoli fuq il-web, bħal GitHub, SoundCloud, Dropbox, Netflix, WordPress u ħafna oħrajn.
F'din il-gwida, se nispjegaw xi wħud mill-kmandi tal-ġestjoni tas-servizz Nginx l-aktar użati li, bħala żviluppatur jew amministratur tas-sistema, għandek iżżomm fuq ponot subgħajk. Aħna se nuru kmandi kemm għal Systemd kif ukoll għal SysVinit.
Dawn il-lista kollha li ġejjin ta 'kmandi popolari ta' Nginx għandhom jiġu esegwiti bħala utent root jew sudo u għandhom jaħdmu fuq kwalunkwe distribuzzjoni Linux moderna bħal CentOS, RHEL, Debian, Ubuntu u Fedora.
Installa Nginx Server
Biex tinstalla s-server tal-web Nginx, uża l-maniġer tal-pakkett tad-distribuzzjoni default tiegħek kif muri.
$ sudo yum install epel-release && yum install nginx [On CentOS/RHEL] $ sudo dnf install nginx [On Fedora] $ sudo apt install nginx [On Debian/Ubuntu]
Iċċekkja l-Verżjoni Nginx
Biex tiċċekkja l-verżjoni tas-server tal-web Nginx installat fis-sistema Linux tiegħek, mexxi l-kmand li ġej.
$ nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
Il-kmand ta 'hawn fuq sempliċement juri n-numru tal-verżjoni. Jekk trid tara l-verżjoni u tikkonfigura l-għażliet imbagħad uża l-bandiera -V kif muri.
$ nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2 built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-debug --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E'
Iċċekkja Sintassi tal-Konfigurazzjoni Nginx
Qabel ma tibda fil-fatt is-servizz Nginx, tista 'tiċċekkja jekk is-sintassi tal-konfigurazzjoni tagħha hijiex korretta. Dan huwa speċjalment utli jekk għamilt bidliet jew żidt konfigurazzjoni ġdida mal-istruttura tal-konfigurazzjoni eżistenti.
Biex tittestja l-konfigurazzjoni Nginx, mexxi l-kmand li ġej.
$ sudo nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Tista 'tittestja l-konfigurazzjoni ta' Nginx, iddampaha u toħroġ billi tuża l-bandiera -T kif muri.
$ sudo nginx -T
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
....
Ibda s-Servizz Nginx
Biex tibda s-servizz Nginx, mexxi l-kmand li ġej. Innota li dan il-proċess jista’ jfalli jekk is-sintassi tal-konfigurazzjoni mhix OK.
$ sudo systemctl start nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx start #sysvinit
Ippermetti Servizz Nginx
Il-kmand ta 'qabel jibda biss is-servizz sadanittant, biex ikun jista' jibda awtomatikament fil-ħin tal-ibbutjar, ħaddem il-kmand li ġej.
$ sudo systemctl enable nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx enable #sysv init
Ibda mill-ġdid is-Servizz Nginx
Biex terġa 'tibda s-servizz Nginx, azzjoni li tieqaf u mbagħad tibda s-servizz.
$ sudo systemctl restart nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx restart #sysv init
Ara l-Istatus tas-Servizz Nginx
Tista 'tiċċekkja l-istatus tas-servizz Nginx kif ġej. Dan il-kmand juri l-informazzjoni dwar l-istatus tal-ħin tal-ġirja dwar is-servizz.
$ sudo systemctl status nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx status #sysvinit
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-03-05 05:27:15 EST; 2min 59s ago
Main PID: 31515 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─31515 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
└─31516 nginx: worker process
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net nginx[31509]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net nginx[31509]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net systemd[1]: Failed to read PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
Mar 05 05:27:15 linux-console.net systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
Reload Nginx Servizz
Biex tgħid lil Nginx biex jerġa 'jiċċarġja l-konfigurazzjoni tiegħu, uża l-kmand li ġej.
$ sudo systemctl reload nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx reload #sysvinit
Waqqaf is-Servizz Nginx
Jekk trid twaqqaf is-servizz Nginx għal darba raġuni jew oħra, uża l-kmand li ġej.
$ sudo systemctl stop nginx #systemd OR $ sudo service nginx stop #sysvinit
Uri Nginx Kmand Għajnuna
Biex tikseb gwida ta 'referenza faċli tal-kmandi u l-għażliet kollha ta' Nginx, uża l-kmand li ġej.
$ systemctl -h nginx
systemctl [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...
Query or send control commands to the systemd manager.
-h --help Show this help
--version Show package version
--system Connect to system manager
-H --host=[[email ]HOST
Operate on remote host
-M --machine=CONTAINER
Operate on local container
-t --type=TYPE List units of a particular type
--state=STATE List units with particular LOAD or SUB or ACTIVE state
-p --property=NAME Show only properties by this name
-a --all Show all loaded units/properties, including dead/empty
ones. To list all units installed on the system, use
the 'list-unit-files' command instead.
-l --full Don't ellipsize unit names on output
-r --recursive Show unit list of host and local containers
--reverse Show reverse dependencies with 'list-dependencies'
--job-mode=MODE Specify how to deal with already queued jobs, when
queueing a new job
--show-types When showing sockets, explicitly show their type
-i --ignore-inhibitors
...
Inti tista 'wkoll tixtieq taqra dawn l-artikoli relatati Nginx li ġejjin.
- Il-Gwida Ultimate biex Tiżgura, Tibbies u Ttejjeb il-Prestazzjoni ta' Nginx Web Server
- Amplifika – Monitoraġġ NGINX Made Easy
- ngxtop – Immonitorja l-Fajls tal-Log Nginx f'Ħin Real fil-Linux
- Kif Tinstalla Nginx b'Virtwali Hosts u Ċertifikat SSL
- Kif taħbi l-Verżjoni tas-Server Nginx fil-Linux
Dak kollu għalissa! F'din il-gwida, spjegajna xi wħud mill-kmandi tal-ġestjoni tas-servizz Nginx l-aktar użati li għandek tkun taf, inkluż il-bidu, l-attivazzjoni, il-bidu mill-ġdid u t-twaqqif ta 'Nginx. Jekk għandek xi żidiet jew mistoqsijiet x'tistaqsi, uża l-formola ta' feedback hawn taħt.