10 Kmandi Dig (Domain Information Groper) biex Tfittex DNS
Fl-artiklu preċedenti tagħna, spjegajna l-għodda tal-linja tal-kmand tan-netwerking użata biex issir mistoqsija u tikseb informazzjoni tad-DNS (Domain Name System).
Hawnhekk, f'dan l-artikolu, noħorġu b'għodda oħra tal-linja tal-kmand imsejħa dig, li hija simili ħafna għall-għodda Linux nslookup. Se naraw l-użu tal-kmand dig mill-qrib bl-eżempji u l-użu tagħhom.
[ Tista 'tħobb ukoll: Kif Tinstalla u Uża Kmandi dig u nslookup fil-Linux ]
Dig stands għal (Domain Information Groper) hija għodda tal-linja tal-kmand tal-amministrazzjoni tan-netwerk għall-mistoqsijiet tas-servers tal-ismijiet tas-Sistema tal-Ismijiet tad-Dominju (DNS).
Huwa utli għall-verifika u s-soluzzjoni tal-problemi tad-DNS u wkoll biex iwettaq lookups DNS u juri t-tweġibiet li jintbagħtu mis-server tal-isem li ġie mistoqsi.
Dig huwa parti mill-suite tas-software tas-server tal-isem tad-dominju BIND. dig kmand jissostitwixxi għodod anzjani bħal nslookup u l-host. dig tool hija disponibbli fid-distribuzzjonijiet ewlenin tal-Linux.
# dig yahoo.com ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 20076 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 387 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.143.25 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.231.20 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 98.137.11.164 ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 12:58:13 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 134
Il-kmand t'hawn fuq jikkawża ħaffer biex ifittex ir-rekord \A\ għall-isem tad-dominju yahoo.com. Dig kmand jaqra l-fajl /etc/resolv.conf u jistaqsi s-servers DNS elenkati hemmhekk. Ir-rispons mis-server DNS huwa dak li juri dig.
Ejja nifhmu l-output tal-kmandi:
- Linji li jibdew b'
;huma kummenti li mhumiex parti mill-informazzjoni. - L-ewwel linja tgħidilna l-verżjoni tal-kmand dig (9.16.1).
- Li jmiss, dig turi l-header tar-rispons li rċieva mis-server DNS.
- Li jmiss tiġi t-taqsima tal-mistoqsijiet, li sempliċement tgħidilna l-mistoqsija, li f'dan il-każ hija mistoqsija għar-rekord
\A\ta' yahoo.com. Il-INtfisser li din hija tfittxija tal-Internet (fil-klassi tal-Internet). - It-taqsima tat-tweġibiet tgħidilna li yahoo.com għandu l-indirizz IP 98.137.11.163.
- Fl-aħħar nett, hemm xi stats dwar il-mistoqsija. Tista' titfi dawn l-istatistiċi billi tuża l-għażla
+nostats.
B'mod awtomatiku, dig huwa pjuttost verbose. Mod wieħed biex tnaqqas l-output huwa li tuża l-għażla +short. li se tnaqqas drastikament l-output kif muri hawn taħt.
# dig yahoo.com +short 98.137.11.164 74.6.231.21 74.6.231.20 74.6.143.25 74.6.143.26 98.137.11.163
Nota: B'mod awtomatiku, dig tfittex ir-rekord \A\ tad-dominju speċifikat, iżda tista' tispeċifika rekords oħra wkoll. Ir-rekord MX jew Mail eXchange jgħid lis-servers tal-posta kif għandhom jgħaddu l-email għad-dominju. Bl-istess mod TTL, SOA, eċċ.
Mistoqsija ta' tipi differenti ta' rekords tar-riżorsi DNS biss.
# dig yahoo.com MX ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com MX ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 60630 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:03:32 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 117
# dig yahoo.com SOA ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com SOA ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 25140 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 1800 IN SOA ns1.yahoo.com. hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com. 2021121001 3600 300 1814400 600 ;; Query time: 128 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:08 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 99
# dig yahoo.com TTL ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com TTL ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64017 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.143.25 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 98.137.11.164 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.231.20 ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:58 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 134 ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 27889 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;TTL. IN A ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:58 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 32
# dig yahoo.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.231.20 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 98.137.11.164 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.143.25
# dig yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 72.30.38.140 yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 98.138.253.109 yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 98.139.183.24 yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns2.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns8.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns3.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns1.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns4.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns5.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns6.yahoo.com.
Mistoqsija tad-DNS Reverse Look-up. Uri biss it-taqsima tat-tweġibiet bl-użu ta' +short.
# dig -x 72.30.38.140 +short ir1.fp.vip.sp2.yahoo.com.
Mistoqsija mistoqsija speċifika tad-DNS ta 'websajts multipli jiġifieri. Reġistri MX, NS, eċċ.
# dig yahoo.com mx +noall +answer redhat.com ns +noall +answer ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com mx +noall +answer redhat.com ns +noall +answer ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns1.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns4.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns3.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns2.redhat.com.
Oħloq fajl .digrc taħt $HOME/.digrc biex taħżen l-għażliet tat-tħaffir default.
# dig yahoo.com yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 72.30.38.140 yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 98.138.253.109 yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 98.139.183.24
Għandna għażliet taħżen +noall +answer b'mod permanenti fil-fajl .digrc taħt id-direttorju tad-dar tal-utent. Issa, kull meta jiġi esegwit il-kmand tat-tħaffir se juri biss it-taqsima tat-tweġiba tal-output tat-tħaffir. M'hemmx għalfejn ttajpja għażliet ta' kull darba bħal +noall +answer.
F'dan l-artikolu, ippruvajna nsib il-kmand tat-tħaffir li jista 'jgħinek tfittex informazzjoni relatata mas-Servizz tal-Ismijiet tad-Dominju (DNS). Aqsam il-ħsibijiet tiegħek permezz tal-kaxxa tal-kummenti.