Monitoraġġ tal-Prestazzjoni tal-Linux bi Kmandi Vmstat u Iostat
Din hija s-serje kontinwa tagħna ta 'Monitoraġġ tal-Prestazzjoni tal-Linux, f'dan l-artikolu, int se titgħallem dwar il-kmandi Vmstat u Iostat, li huma disponibbli fuq is-Sistemi Operattivi ewlenin kollha simili għal Unix (Linux/Unix/FreeBSD/Solaris).
Il-kmand tal-vmstat (magħruf ukoll bħala għodda tal-istatistika tal-memorja virtwali) juri informazzjoni dwar il-proċessi, il-memorja, id-diska u l-attività tas-CPU fil-Linux, filwaqt li l-kmand tal-iostat jintuża biex jimmonitorja l-utilizzazzjoni tas-CPU, l-istatistika tad-dħul/ħruġ tas-sistema għad-diski u l-ħitan kollha.
Jekk il-kmandi vmstat u iostat mhumiex disponibbli fil-magna Linux tiegħek, jekk jogħġbok installa l-pakkett sysstat. Il-kmandi vmstat, sar, u iostat huma l-ġbir tal-pakkett inkluż fis-sysstat - l-għodod ta 'monitoraġġ tas-sistema.
Tista' tniżżel u tinstalla sysstat billi tuża s-sors tarball minn link sysstat, iżda nirrakkomandaw li tinstalla permezz tal-maniġer tal-pakketti.
Installa Sysstat fil-Linux
$ sudo apt install sysstat [On Debian, Ubuntu and Mint] $ sudo yum install sysstat [On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora and Rocky Linux/AlmaLinux] $ sudo emerge -a app-admin/sysstat [On Gentoo Linux] $ sudo pacman -S sysstat [On Arch Linux] $ sudo zypper install sysstat [On OpenSUSE]
Tgħallem Eżempji tal-Kmand tal-Vmstat fil-Linux
F'din it-taqsima, titgħallem dwar 6 eżempji ta' kmand vmstat u l-użu bi screenshots.
Fl-eżempju hawn taħt, hemm sitt kolonni. Is-sinifikat tal-kolonni huma spjegati fil-paġna man ta 'vmstat fid-dettall. L-oqsma l-aktar importanti huma ħielsa taħt il-memorja u si, għalhekk taħt il-kolonna swap.
vmstat -a procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free inact active si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 1 0 0 810420 97380 70628 0 0 115 4 89 79 1 6 90 3 0
- Ħieles – Ammont ta' spazji ta' memorja ħielsa/inattivi.
- si – Mibdula f'kull sekonda minn disk f'KiloBytes.
- hekk – Inbidel kull sekonda għal disk f'KiloBytes.
Nota: Jekk tħaddem vmstat mingħajr parametri se turi rapport fil-qosor mill-bidu tas-sistema.
B'dan il-kmand, vmstat tesegwixxi kull żewġ sekondi u tieqaf awtomatikament wara li tesegwixxi sitt intervalli.
vmstat 2 6 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 810420 22064 101368 0 0 56 3 50 57 0 3 95 2 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 16 35 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 14 35 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 17 38 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 17 35 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 810412 22064 101368 0 0 0 0 18 36 0 1 100 0 0
kmand vmstat bil-parametru -t juri timestamps b'kull linja stampata kif muri hawn taħt.
[[email ~]$ vmstat -t 1 5 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------ ---timestamp--- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 632028 24992 192244 0 0 70 5 55 78 1 3 95 1 0 2012-09-02 14:57:18 IST 1 0 0 632028 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 171 514 1 5 94 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:19 IST 1 0 0 631904 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 195 600 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:20 IST 0 0 0 631780 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 156 524 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:21 IST 1 0 0 631656 24992 192244 0 0 0 0 189 592 0 5 95 0 0 2012-09-02 14:57:22 IST
Il-kmand tal-vmstat bi swiċċ -s juri sommarju ta’ diversi counters tal-avvenimenti u statistika tal-memorja.
[[email ~]$ vmstat -s
1030800 total memory
524656 used memory
277784 active memory
185920 inactive memory
506144 free memory
26864 buffer memory
310104 swap cache
2064376 total swap
0 used swap
2064376 free swap
4539 non-nice user cpu ticks
0 nice user cpu ticks
11569 system cpu ticks
329608 idle cpu ticks
5012 IO-wait cpu ticks
79 IRQ cpu ticks
74 softirq cpu ticks
0 stolen cpu ticks
336038 pages paged in
67945 pages paged out
0 pages swapped in
0 pages swapped out
258526 interrupts
392439 CPU context switches
1346574857 boot time
2309 forksvmstat bl-għażla -d juri l-istatistika tad-diski kollha tal-Linux.
[[email ~]$ vmstat -d
disk- ------------reads------------ ------------writes----------- -----IO------
total merged sectors ms total merged sectors ms cur sec
ram0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ram15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
loop7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
sr0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
sda 7712 5145 668732 409619 3282 28884 257402 644566 0 126
dm-0 11578 0 659242 1113017 32163 0 257384 8460026 0 126
dm-1 324 0 2592 3845 0 0 0 0 0 2Il-vmstat juri statistika tal-memorja f'kilobytes b'mod awtomatiku, iżda tista' wkoll turi rapporti b'daqsijiet tal-memorja f'megabytes bl-argument -S M. Ikkunsidra l-eżempju li ġej.
vmstat -S M 1 5 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 95 8 42 55 0 2 96 2 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 12 15 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 32 62 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 15 13 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 346 53 476 0 0 0 0 34 61 0 1 99 0 0
Tgħallem Eżempji ta' Kmand ta' Iostat fil-Linux
F'din it-taqsima, titgħallem dwar 6 eżempji ta' kmand iostat u użu bi screenshots.
iostat mingħajr argumenti juri l-istatistika tas-CPU u l-I/O tal-partizzjonijiet kollha kif muri hawn taħt.
iostat
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.12 0.01 1.54 2.08 0.00 96.24
Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
sda 3.59 161.02 13.48 1086002 90882
dm-0 5.76 159.71 13.47 1077154 90864
dm-1 0.05 0.38 0.00 2576 0
iostat b'argumenti -c juri biss statistika tas-CPU kif muri hawn taħt.
iostat -c
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.12 0.01 1.47 1.98 0.00 96.42iostat b'argumenti -d juru biss statistika ta' I/O tad-disk tal-partizzjonijiet kollha kif muri.
iostat -d Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU) Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 3.35 149.81 12.66 1086002 91746 dm-0 5.37 148.59 12.65 1077154 91728 dm-1 0.04 0.36 0.00 2576 0
B'mod awtomatiku, juri l-istatistika tal-ħitan kollha, b'-p u l-argumenti tal-isem tal-apparat juru biss statistika tal-I/O tad-diski għal apparat speċifiku kif muri biss.
iostat -p sda
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.11 0.01 1.44 1.92 0.00 96.52
Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
sda 3.32 148.52 12.55 1086002 91770
sda1 0.07 0.56 0.00 4120 18
sda2 3.22 147.79 12.55 1080650 91752Bil-parametru -N (Uppercase) juri biss l-istatistika LVM kif muri.
iostat -N
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (linux-console.net) 09/03/2012 _i686_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.11 0.01 1.39 1.85 0.00 96.64
Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn
sda 3.20 142.84 12.16 1086002 92466
vg_tecmint-lv_root 5.13 141.68 12.16 1077154 92448
vg_tecmint-lv_swap 0.04 0.34 0.00 2576 0Bil-verżjoni tal-wiri tal-parametri -V (Uppercase) ta' iostat kif muri.
iostat -V sysstat version 11.7.3 (C) Sebastien Godard (sysstat orange.fr)
Il-vmstat u l-iostat fihom għadd ta' kolonni u bnadar li jista' ma jkunx possibbli li jiġu spjegati fid-dettall. Jekk trid tkun taf aktar dwarha tista' tirreferi l-paġna man ta' vmstat u iostat.
# man vmstat # man iostat
Jekk jogħġbok aqsamha jekk issib li dan l-artikolu huwa utli permezz tal-kaxxa tal-kummenti tagħna hawn taħt.