10 Eżempji ta' Kmand Wget (Linux File Downloader) f'Linux
F'dan l-artikolu, se nirrevedu l-utilità wget li tirkupra fajls mill-World Wide Web (WWW) billi tuża protokolli użati ħafna bħal HTTP, HTTPS, FTP u FTPS.
Wget huwa utilità b'xejn tal-linja tal-kmand u downloader tal-fajls tan-netwerk, li jiġi b'ħafna karatteristiċi li jagħmlu t-tniżżil tal-fajls faċli, inklużi:
- Niżżel fajls kbar jew mera siti web jew FTP kompluti.
- Niżżel fajls multipli f'daqqa.
- Issettja bandwidth u limitu ta' veloċità għat-tniżżil.
- Niżżel fajls permezz ta' prokuri.
- Jista' jerġa' jibda downloads abortiti.
- Irrifletti b'mod rikorsiv direttorji.
- Tħaddim fuq il-biċċa l-kbira tas-sistemi operattivi bħal UNIX kif ukoll fuq il-Windows.
- Tħaddim bla attenzjoni/fl-isfond.
- Appoġġ għal konnessjonijiet HTTP persistenti.
- Appoġġ għal SSL/TLS għal downloads kriptati bl-użu tal-librerija OpenSSL jew GnuTLS.
- Appoġġ għal downloads IPv4 u IPv6.
Is-sintassi bażika ta' Wget hija:
$ wget [option] [URL]
L-ewwel, iċċekkja jekk l-utilità wget hijiex diġà installata jew le fil-kaxxa Linux tiegħek, billi tuża l-kmand li ġej.
$ rpm -q wget [On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora and Rocky Linux/AlmaLinux] $ dpkg -l | grep wget [On Debian, Ubuntu and Mint]
Jekk Wget ma jkunx installat, tista 'tinstallah billi tuża l-maniġer tal-pakkett default tas-sistema Linux tiegħek kif muri.
$ sudo apt install wget -y [On Debian, Ubuntu and Mint] $ sudo yum install wget -y [On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora and Rocky Linux/AlmaLinux] $ sudo emerge -a net-misc/wget [On Gentoo Linux] $ sudo pacman -Sy wget [On Arch Linux] $ sudo zypper install wget [On OpenSUSE]
L-għażla -y
użata hawnhekk hija biex tipprevjeni l-prompti ta' konferma qabel ma tinstalla kwalunkwe pakkett. Għal aktar eżempji u għażliet ta’ kmand YUM u APT aqra l-artikoli tagħna dwar:
- 20 Kmand Linux YUM għall-Ġestjoni tal-Pakketti
- 15 Eżempji ta' Kmand APT f'Ubuntu/Debian & Mint
- 45 Eżempji ta' Kmand Zypper biex Immaniġġja OpenSUSE Linux
1. Niżżel Fajl b'Wget
Il-kmand se tniżżel fajl wieħed u jaħżen f'direttorju kurrenti. Juri wkoll il-progress tat-tniżżil, id-daqs, id-data u l-ħin waqt it-tniżżil.
# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz --2021-12-10 04:15:16-- http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz Resolving ftp.gnu.org (ftp.gnu.org)... 209.51.188.20, 2001:470:142:3::b Connecting to ftp.gnu.org (ftp.gnu.org)|209.51.188.20|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 3565643 (3.4M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: ‘wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz’ wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz 100%[==========>] 3.40M 2.31MB/s in 1.5s 2021-12-10 04:15:18 (2.31 MB/s) - ‘wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz’ saved [3565643/3565643]
2. Wget Download File b'Isem Differenti
Bl-użu tal-għażla -O
(majju) , iniżżel fajls bl-ismijiet tal-fajls differenti. Hawnhekk tajna l-isem tal-fajl wget.zip kif muri hawn taħt.
# wget -O wget.zip http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz --2021-12-10 04:20:19-- http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.5.3.tar.gz Resolving ftp.gnu.org (ftp.gnu.org)... 209.51.188.20, 2001:470:142:3::b Connecting to ftp.gnu.org (ftp.gnu.org)|209.51.188.20|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 446966 (436K) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: ‘wget.zip’ wget.zip 100%[===================>] 436.49K 510KB/s in 0.9s 2021-12-10 04:20:21 (510 KB/s) - ‘wget.zip’ saved [446966/446966]
3. Wget Niżżel Fajls Multipli b'Protokoll HTTP u FTP
Hawnhekk naraw kif tniżżel fajls multipli bl-użu tal-protokoll HTTP u FTP bil-kmand wget f'daqqa.
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz.sig --2021-12-10 06:45:17-- http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz Resolving ftp.gnu.org (ftp.gnu.org)... 209.51.188.20, 2001:470:142:3::b Connecting to ftp.gnu.org (ftp.gnu.org)|209.51.188.20|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 3565643 (3.4M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: ‘wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz’ wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz 100%[==========>] 4.40M 4.31MB/s in 1.1s 2021-12-10 06:46:10 (2.31 MB/s) - ‘wget2-2.0.0.tar.gz’ saved [3565643/3565643]
4. Wget Niżżel Fajls Multipli Minn Fajl
Biex tniżżel fajls multipli f'daqqa, uża l-għażla -i
bil-post tal-fajl li fih il-lista tal-URLs li għandhom jitniżżlu. Kull URL jeħtieġ li jiġi miżjud fuq linja separata kif muri.
Pereżempju, il-fajl li ġej download-linux.txt fih il-lista tal-URLs li għandhom jitniżżlu.
# cat download-linux.txt https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso https://download.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/8/isos/x86_64/Rocky-8.5-x86_64-dvd1.iso https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current/amd64/iso-dvd/debian-11.2.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso
# wget -i download-linux.txt --2021-12-10 04:52:40-- https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso Resolving releases.ubuntu.com (releases.ubuntu.com)... 91.189.88.248, 91.189.88.247, 91.189.91.124, ... Connecting to releases.ubuntu.com (releases.ubuntu.com)|91.189.88.248|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 3071934464 (2.9G) [application/x-iso9660-image] Saving to: ‘ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso’ ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64 4%[=> ] 137.71M 11.2MB/s eta 3m 30s ...
Jekk il-lista tal-URL tiegħek għandha mudell ta' numerazzjoni partikolari, tista' żżid ċineg kaboċċi biex iġġib l-URLs kollha li jaqblu mal-mudell. Pereżempju, jekk trid tniżżel serje ta 'kernels Linux li jibdew mill-verżjoni 5.1.1 sa 5.1.15, tista' tagħmel dan li ġej.
$ wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.1.{1..15}.tar.gz --2021-12-10 05:46:59-- https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.1.1.tar.gz Resolving mirrors.edge.kernel.org (mirrors.edge.kernel.org)... 147.75.95.133, 2604:1380:3000:1500::1 Connecting to mirrors.edge.kernel.org (mirrors.edge.kernel.org)|147.75.95.133|:443... connected. WARNING: The certificate of ‘mirrors.edge.kernel.org’ is not trusted. WARNING: The certificate of ‘mirrors.edge.kernel.org’ is not yet activated. The certificate has not yet been activated HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 164113671 (157M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: ‘linux-5.1.1.tar.gz’ linux-5.1.1.tar.gz 100%[===========>] 156.51M 2.59MB/s in 61s 2021-12-10 05:48:01 (2.57 MB/s) - ‘linux-5.1.1.tar.gz’ saved [164113671/164113671] --2021-12-10 05:48:01-- https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.1.2.tar.gz Reusing existing connection to mirrors.edge.kernel.org:443. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 164110470 (157M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: ‘linux-5.1.2.tar.gz’ linux-5.1.2.tar.gz 19%[===========] 30.57M 2.58MB/s eta 50s
5. Wget Resume Tniżżil mhux komplut
Fil-każ ta 'tniżżil ta' fajls kbar, jista 'jiġri kultant li twaqqaf it-tniżżil f'dak il-każ nistgħu nibdew iniżżlu l-istess fajl fejn tħalla bl-għażla -c
.
Imma meta tibda tniżżel fajls mingħajr ma tispeċifika -c
għażla wget se żżid l-estensjoni .1
fl-aħħar tal-fajl, meqjusa bħala download frisk. Għalhekk, hija prattika tajba li żżid -c switch meta tniżżel fajls kbar.
# wget -c https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso --2021-12-10 05:27:59-- https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso Resolving releases.ubuntu.com (releases.ubuntu.com)... 91.189.88.247, 91.189.91.123, 91.189.91.124, ... Connecting to releases.ubuntu.com (releases.ubuntu.com)|91.189.88.247|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 206 Partial Content Length: 3071934464 (2.9G), 2922987520 (2.7G) remaining [application/x-iso9660-image] Saving to: ‘ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso’ ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso 5%[++++++> ] 167.93M 11.1MB/s ^C wget -c https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso --2021-12-10 05:28:03-- https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso Resolving releases.ubuntu.com (releases.ubuntu.com)... 91.189.88.248, 91.189.91.124, 91.189.91.123, ... Connecting to releases.ubuntu.com (releases.ubuntu.com)|91.189.88.248|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 206 Partial Content Length: 3071934464 (2.9G), 2894266368 (2.7G) remaining [application/x-iso9660-image] Saving to: ‘ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso’ ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso 10%[+++++++=====> ] 296.32M 17.2MB/s eta 2m 49s ^
6. Wget Mirror Websajt kollu
Biex tniżżel jew tirrifletti jew tikkopja websajt sħiħa għall-wiri offline, tista 'tuża tuża l-kmand li ġej li se tagħmel kopja lokali tal-websajt flimkien mal-assi kollha (JavaScript, CSS, Stampi).
$ wget --recursive --page-requisites --adjust-extension --span-hosts --convert-links --restrict-file-names=windows --domains yoursite.com --no-parent yoursite.com
Spjegazzjoni tal-kmand t'hawn fuq.
wget \ --recursive \ # Download the whole site. --page-requisites \ # Get all assets/elements (CSS/JS/images). --adjust-extension \ # Save files with .html on the end. --span-hosts \ # Include necessary assets from offsite as well. --convert-links \ # Update links to still work in the static version. --restrict-file-names=windows \ # Modify filenames to work in Windows as well. --domains yoursite.com \ # Do not follow links outside this domain. --no-parent \ # Don't follow links outside the directory you pass in. yoursite.com/whatever/path # The URL to download
7. Wget Niżżel Fajls fl-Isfond
Bl-għażla -b
tista 'tibgħat download fl-isfond immedjatament wara li tibda t-tniżżil u zkuk jinkitbu fil-fajl wget.log.
$ wget -b wget.log https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso Continuing in background, pid 8999. Output will be written to ‘wget.log’.
8. Wget Set File Download Limiti tal-Veloċità
Bl-għażla --limit-rate=100k
, il-limitu tal-veloċità tat-tniżżil huwa ristrett għal 100k u r-zkuk se jinħolqu taħt wget.log kif muri hawn taħt.
$ wget -c --limit-rate=100k -b wget.log https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04.3/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso Continuing in background, pid 9108. Output will be written to ‘wget-log’.
Ara l-fajl wget.log u iċċekkja l-veloċità tat-tniżżil tal-wget.
$ tail -f wget-log 5600K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 104K 8h19m 5650K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 103K 8h19m 5700K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 105K 8h19m 5750K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 104K 8h18m 5800K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 104K 8h18m 5850K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 105K 8h18m 5900K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 103K 8h18m 5950K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 105K 8h18m 6000K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 69.0K 8h20m 6050K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 106K 8h19m 6100K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 98.5K 8h20m 6150K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 110K 8h19m 6200K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 104K 8h19m 6250K .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... 0% 104K 8h19m ...
9. Wget Niżżel Fajls Protetti bil-Password permezz ta' FTP u HTTP
Biex tniżżel fajl minn server FTP protett bil-password, tista' tuża l-għażliet --ftp-user=username
u --ftp-password=password
kif murija.
$ wget --ftp-user=narad --ftp-password=password ftp://ftp.example.com/filename.tar.gz
Biex tniżżel fajl minn server HTTP protett bil-password, tista' tuża l-għażliet --http-user=username
u --http-password=password
kif muri.
$ wget --http-user=narad --http-password=password http://http.example.com/filename.tar.gz
10. Wget Injora Ċertifikat SSL Iċċekkja
Biex tinjora l-kontroll taċ-ċertifikat SSL waqt li tniżżel fajls fuq HTTPS, tista' tuża l-għażla --no-check-certificate
:
$ wget --no-check-certificate https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.1.1.tar.gz --2021-12-10 06:21:21-- https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.1.1.tar.gz Resolving mirrors.edge.kernel.org (mirrors.edge.kernel.org)... 147.75.95.133, 2604:1380:3000:1500::1 Connecting to mirrors.edge.kernel.org (mirrors.edge.kernel.org)|147.75.95.133|:443... connected. WARNING: The certificate of ‘mirrors.edge.kernel.org’ is not trusted. WARNING: The certificate of ‘mirrors.edge.kernel.org’ is not yet activated. The certificate has not yet been activated HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 164113671 (157M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: ‘linux-5.1.1.tar.gz’ ...
11. Verżjoni Wget u Għajnuna
Bl-għażliet --version
u --help
tista' tara l-verżjoni u tgħin kif meħtieġ.
$ wget --version $ wget --help
F'dan l-artikolu, koprejna kmandi wget tal-Linux b'għażliet għal kompiti amministrattivi ta 'kuljum. Do man wget jekk trid tkun taf aktar dwarha. Jekk jogħġbok aqsam permezz tal-kaxxa tal-kummenti tagħna jew jekk tlifna xi ħaġa, għarrafna.