20 Kmand mysqladmin għall-Amministrazzjoni MYSQL/MariaDB
mysqladmin hija utilità għall-amministrazzjoni tad-database tal-linja tal-kmand li tiġi flimkien mas-server MySQL/MariaDB, li tintuża mill-Amministraturi tad-Database biex iwettqu xi kompiti bażiċi tal-MySQL bħall-issettjar tal-password tal-għeruq, il-bidla tal-password tal-għerq, il-monitoraġġ tal-proċessi mysql, it-tagħbija mill-ġdid tal-privileġġi, il-ħolqien/ twaqqa' databases, verifika tal-istatus tas-server, turi statistika dwar l-użu, joqtol mistoqsijiet li qed jaħdmu, eċċ.
Il-kmand biex tuża mysqladmin u s-sintassi ġenerali hija:
# mysqladmin [options] command [command-arg] [command [command-arg]] ...
Jekk m'għandekx server MySQL/MariaDB installat jew qed tuża verżjoni eqdem tas-server MySQL, allura nirrakkomandaw li tinstalla jew taġġorna l-verżjoni MySQL billi tuża l-artikoli li ġejjin:
- Kif Tinstalla MySQL fuq Distribuzzjonijiet ibbażati fuq RHEL
- Kif Tinstalla MariaDB fis-Sistemi RHEL u Debian
F'dan l-artikolu, kkumpilajna xi kmandi utli ħafna 'mysqladmin' li jintużaw minn amministraturi tas-sistema/database fix-xogħol tagħhom ta 'kuljum. Irid ikollok server MySQL/MariaDB installat fis-sistema tiegħek biex twettaq dawn il-kompiti.
1. Kif Issettja l-Password Root MySQL
Jekk għandek installazzjoni ġdida ta 'server MySQL/MariaDB, allura ma teħtieġ l-ebda password biex tgħaqqadha bħala l-utent għerq. Biex tissettja l-password MySQL għall-utent għerq, uża l-kmand li ġej.
# mysqladmin -u root password YOURNEWPASSWORD
Twissija: L-issettjar ta' password ġdida MYSQL bl-użu ta' mysqladmin għandu jitqies bħala vulnerabbli. F'xi sistemi, il-password tiegħek issir viżibbli għall-programmi tal-istatus tas-sistema bħall-kmand ps li jista 'jiġi eżegwit minn utenti oħra biex ikunu jafu l-istatus ta' proċessi attivi fuq sistema.
2. Kif tibdel il-Password tal-Għerq MySQL
Jekk tixtieq tibdel jew taġġorna l-password tal-għeruq tal-MySQL, imbagħad trid ittajpja l-kmand li ġej. Pereżempju, għid il-password l-antika tiegħek hija 123456 u trid tibdelha b'password ġdida ngħidu xyz123.
# mysqladmin -u root -p123456 password 'xyz123'
3. Kif Tiċċekkja l-Istatus ta 'MySQL Server
Biex issir taf jekk is-server MySQL huwiex qed jaħdem, uża l-kmand li ġej.
# mysqladmin -u root -p ping Enter password: mysqld is alive
4. Kif Tiċċekkja Liema Verżjoni MySQL qed Inħaddem
Il-kmand li ġej juri l-verżjoni tal-MySQL flimkien mal-istatus attwali tat-tħaddim.
# mysqladmin -u root -p version Enter password: mysqladmin Ver 9.1 Distrib 10.3.32-MariaDB, for Linux on x86_64 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab, and others. Server version 10.3.32-MariaDB Protocol version 10 Connection Localhost via UNIX socket UNIX socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Uptime: 18 min 6 sec Threads: 6 Questions: 20 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 18 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 11 Queries per second avg: 0.018
5. Kif issir taf l-Istatus kurrenti ta 'MySQL Server
Biex issir taf l-istatus attwali tas-server MySQL, uża l-kmand li ġej. Il-kmand mysqladmin juri l-istatus tal-uptime b'ħjut u mistoqsijiet li qed jaħdmu.
# mysqladmin -u root -p status Enter password: Uptime: 1185 Threads: 6 Questions: 21 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 18 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 11 Queries per second avg: 0.017
6. Kif Tiċċekkja l-Vjabbli tal-Istatus MySQL u l-Valuri Tagħhom
Biex tiċċekkja l-istatus kollu tat-tħaddim tal-varjabbli u l-valuri tas-server MySQL, ikteb il-kmand li ġej. L-output ikun simili għal dak ta' hawn taħt.
# mysqladmin -u root -p extended-status Enter password: +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Aborted_clients | 0 | | Aborted_connects | 2 | | Access_denied_errors | 2 | | Acl_column_grants | 0 | | Acl_database_grants | 0 | | Acl_function_grants | 0 | | Acl_procedure_grants | 0 | | Acl_package_spec_grants | 0 | | Acl_package_body_grants | 0 | | Acl_proxy_users | 2 | | Acl_role_grants | 0 | | Acl_roles | 0 | | Acl_table_grants | 0 | | Acl_users | 4 | | Aria_pagecache_blocks_not_flushed | 0 | | Aria_pagecache_blocks_unused | 15706 | | Aria_pagecache_blocks_used | 0 | | Aria_pagecache_read_requests | 0 | | Aria_pagecache_reads | 0 | | Aria_pagecache_write_requests | 0 | ...
7. Kif tara l-Varjabbli u l-Valuri kollha tas-server MySQL?
Biex tara l-varjabbli u l-valuri kollha li qed jaħdmu tas-server MySQL, uża l-kmand kif ġej.
# mysqladmin -u root -p variables Enter password: +--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+ | auto_increment_increment | 1 | | auto_increment_offset | 1 | | autocommit | ON | | automatic_sp_privileges | ON | | back_log | 50 | | basedir | /usr | | big_tables | OFF | | binlog_cache_size | 32768 | | binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF | | binlog_format | STATEMENT | | binlog_stmt_cache_size | 32768 | | bulk_insert_buffer_size | 8388608 | | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | | collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci | +---------------------------------------------------+----------------------+ ...
8. Kif Tiċċekkja Threads Attivi ta 'MySQL Server
Il-kmand li ġej se juri l-proċessi kollha li qed jaħdmu tal-mistoqsijiet tad-database MySQL.
# mysqladmin -u root -p processlist Enter password: +----+-------------+-----------+----+---------+------+--------------------------+------------------+----------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | Progress | +----+-------------+-----------+----+---------+------+--------------------------+------------------+----------+ | 2 | system user | | | Daemon | | InnoDB purge coordinator | | 0.000 | | 1 | system user | | | Daemon | | InnoDB purge worker | | 0.000 | | 4 | system user | | | Daemon | | InnoDB purge worker | | 0.000 | | 3 | system user | | | Daemon | | InnoDB purge worker | | 0.000 | | 5 | system user | | | Daemon | | InnoDB shutdown handler | | 0.000 | | 20 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | Init | show processlist | 0.000 | +----+-------------+-----------+----+---------+------+--------------------------+------------------+----------+
9. Kif Toħloq Database f'MySQL Server
Biex toħloq database ġdida fis-server MySQL, uża l-kmand muri hawn taħt.
# mysqladmin -u root -p create tecmint Enter password: # mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 22 Server version: 10.3.32-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab, and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | tecmint | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.001 sec)
10. Kif Waqqa' Database f'MySQL Server
Biex twaqqa' Database fis-server MySQL, uża l-kmand li ġej. Inti tintalab tikkonferma agħfas ‘y’.
# mysqladmin -u root -p drop tecmint Enter password: Dropping the database is potentially a very bad thing to do. Any data stored in the database will be destroyed. Do you really want to drop the 'tecmint' database [y/N] y Database "tecmint" dropped
11. Kif Reload/Affriskar Privileġġi MySQL?
Il-kmand tat-tagħbija mill-ġdid jgħid lis-server biex jerġa' jtella' t-tabelli tal-għotja u l-kmand tal-aġġornament jiflaħ it-tabelli kollha u jerġa' jiftaħ il-log files.
# mysqladmin -u root -p reload # mysqladmin -u root -p refresh
12. Kif Tfigħ MySQL Server Sikur
Biex tagħlaq is-server MySQL b'mod sikur, ittajpja l-kmand li ġej.
mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown Enter password:
Tista 'wkoll tuża l-kmandi li ġejjin biex tibda/twaqqaf is-server MySQL.
# systemctl stop mysqld # systemctl start mysqld Or # systemctl stop mariadb # systemctl start mariadb
13. Xi Kmandi MySQL Flush utli
Dawn li ġejjin huma xi kmandi utli flush bid-deskrizzjoni tagħhom.
- flush-hosts: Aħsel l-informazzjoni kollha tal-host mill-cache tal-host.
- flush-tables: Aħsel it-tabelli kollha.
- flush-threads: Aħsel il-cache tal-ħjut kollha.
- flush-logs: Aħsel ir-reġistri tal-informazzjoni kollha.
- flush-privileges: Iċċarġja mill-ġdid it-tabelli tal-għotjiet (l-istess bħal reload).
- flush-status: Varjabbli ta' status ċari.
Ejja niċċekkjaw dawn il-kmandi.
# mysqladmin -u root -p flush-hosts # mysqladmin -u root -p flush-tables # mysqladmin -u root -p flush-threads # mysqladmin -u root -p flush-logs # mysqladmin -u root -p flush-privileges # mysqladmin -u root -p flush-status
14. Kif toqtol Sleeping MySQL Client Process?
Uża l-kmand li ġej biex tidentifika l-proċess tal-klijent MySQL irqad.
# mysqladmin -u root -p processlist Enter password: +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 5 | root | localhost | | Sleep | 14 | | | | 8 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
Issa, mexxi l-kmand li ġej b'ID qatla u proċess kif muri hawn taħt.
# mysqladmin -u root -p kill 5 Enter password: +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 12 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
Jekk tixtieq toqtol proċessi multipli, imbagħad għaddi l-ids tal-proċess bil-virgoli separati kif muri hawn taħt.
# mysqladmin -u root -p kill 5,10
15. Kif Mexxi Kmandi multipli mysqladmin Flimkien
Jekk tixtieq tesegwixxi multipli 'mysqladmin' kmandi flimkien, allura l-kmand ikun bħal dan.
# mysqladmin -u root -p processlist status version Enter password: +----+-------------+-----------+----+---------+------+--------------------------+------------------+----------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | Progress | +----+-------------+-----------+----+---------+------+--------------------------+------------------+----------+ | 1 | system user | | | Daemon | | InnoDB purge worker | | 0.000 | | 2 | system user | | | Daemon | | InnoDB purge coordinator | | 0.000 | | 4 | system user | | | Daemon | | InnoDB purge worker | | 0.000 | | 3 | system user | | | Daemon | | InnoDB purge worker | | 0.000 | | 5 | system user | | | Daemon | | InnoDB shutdown handler | | 0.000 | | 9 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | Init | show processlist | 0.000 | +----+-------------+-----------+----+---------+------+--------------------------+------------------+----------+ Uptime: 173 Threads: 6 Questions: 4 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 18 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 11 Queries per second avg: 0.023 mysqladmin Ver 9.1 Distrib 10.3.32-MariaDB, for Linux on x86_64 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab, and others. Server version 10.3.32-MariaDB Protocol version 10 Connection Localhost via UNIX socket UNIX socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Uptime: 2 min 53 sec Threads: 6 Questions: 4 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 18 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 11 Queries per second avg: 0.023
16. Kif Tqabbad Remote Mysql Server
Biex tikkonnettja mas-server MySQL remot, uża l--h (host) bl-Indirizz IP tal-magna remota.
# mysqladmin -h 172.16.25.126 -u root -p
17. Kif Teżegwixxi Kmand fuq Remote MySQL Server
Ejja ngħidu li tixtieq tara l-istatus tas-server MySQL remot, allura l-kmand ikun.
# mysqladmin -h 172.16.25.126 -u root -p status
18. Kif Tibda/Twaqqaf ir-Replikazzjoni MySQL fuq Server Slav
Biex tibda/twaqqaf ir-replikazzjoni MySQL fuq is-server tal-iskjavi, uża l-kmandi li ġejjin.
# mysqladmin -u root -p start-slave # mysqladmin -u root -p stop-slave
19. Kif taħżen l-Informazzjoni tad-Debug ta' MySQL Server fiz-Zkuk
Jgħid lis-server biex jikteb informazzjoni tad-debug dwar serraturi li qed jintużaw, memorja użata, u użu tal-mistoqsijiet fil-fajl log MySQL inkluża informazzjoni dwar l-iskedar tal-avvenimenti.
# mysqladmin -u root -p debug Enter password:
20. Kif Ara l-Għażliet u l-Użu tal-mysqladmin
Biex issir taf aktar għażliet u użu tal-kmand myslqadmin uża l-kmand tal-għajnuna kif muri hawn taħt. Se juri lista ta 'għażliet disponibbli.
# mysqladmin --help
Ippruvajna nagħmlu l-almu tagħna biex ninkludu kważi l-kmandi kollha 'mysqladmin' bl-eżempji tagħhom f'dan l-artikolu, Jekk xorta waħda, tlifna xi ħaġa, jekk jogħġbok għarrafna permezz ta' kummenti, u tinsiex taqsam mal-ħbieb tiegħek.