20 Kmandi Avvanzati għal Esperti tal-Linux
Grazzi tal-likes, il-kliem tajjeb u l-appoġġ kollu li tajtna fl-ewwel żewġ parti ta’ dan l-artiklu. Fl-ewwel artiklu ddiskutejna kmandi għal dawk l-utenti li għadhom kif qalbu għal Linux u kellhom bżonn l-għarfien meħtieġ biex jibdew.
- 20 Kmandi Utli għall-Linux Newbies
Fit-tieni artiklu ddiskutejna l-kmandi li utent ta 'livell medju jeħtieġ biex jimmaniġġja s-sistema tiegħu stess.
- 20 Kmandi Avvanzati għal Utenti tal-Linux ta' Livell Nofsani
Li jmiss? F'dan l-artikolu ser inkun nispjega dawk il-kmandi meħtieġa għall-amministrazzjoni tas-Server Linux.
41. Kmand: ifconfig
ifconfig jintuża biex jiġi kkonfigurat l-interfaces tan-netwerk residenti fil-kernel. Jintuża fil-ħin tal-ibbutjar biex jitwaqqaf interfaces kif meħtieġ. Wara dan, huwa ġeneralment meħtieġ biss meta debugging jew meta l-irfinar tas-sistema hija meħtieġa.
[[email ~]$ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 40:2C:F4:EA:CF:0E inet addr:192.168.1.3 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::422c:f4ff:feea:cf0e/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:163843 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:124990 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:154389832 (147.2 MiB) TX bytes:65085817 (62.0 MiB) Interrupt:20 Memory:f7100000-f7120000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB) TX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB)
Uri d-dettalji tal-interfaces Kollha inklużi l-interfaces b'diżabilità bl-użu tal-argument -a.
[[email ~]$ ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 40:2C:F4:EA:CF:0E inet addr:192.168.1.3 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::422c:f4ff:feea:cf0e/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:163843 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:124990 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:154389832 (147.2 MiB) TX bytes:65085817 (62.0 MiB) Interrupt:20 Memory:f7100000-f7120000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:78 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB) TX bytes:4186 (4.0 KiB) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0e:30:a3:3a:bf:03 inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
[[email ~]$ ifconfig eth0 down
[[email ~]$ ifconfig eth0 up
Assenja 192.168.1.12 bħala l-indirizz IP għall-interface eth0.
[[email ~]$ ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.12
[[email ~]$ ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.255.
[[email ~]$ ifconfig eth0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
[[email ~]$ ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.12 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
Nota: Jekk tuża netwerk mingħajr fili għandek bżonn tuża l-kmand iwconfig. Għal aktar eżempji ta' kmand ifconfig u użu, aqra 15 Kmandi Utli \ifconfig.
42. Kmand: netstat
kmand netstat juri diversi informazzjoni relatata man-netwerk bħal konnessjonijiet tan-netwerk, tabelli tar-routing, statistika tal-interface, konnessjonijiet masquerade, sħubija multicast eċċ.,
[[email ~]$ netstat -a Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 741379 /run/user/user1/keyring-I5cn1c/gpg unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 8965 /var/run/acpid.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 18584 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 741385 /run/user/user1/keyring-I5cn1c/ssh unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 741387 /run/user/user1/keyring-I5cn1c/pkcs11 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 20242 @/tmp/dbus-ghtTjuPN46 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 13332 /var/run/samba/winbindd_privileged/pipe unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 13331 /tmp/.winbindd/pipe unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 11030 /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19308 /tmp/ssh-qnZadSgJAbqd/agent.3221 unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 436781 /tmp/HotShots unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 46110 /run/user/ravisaive/pulse/native unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 19310 /tmp/gpg-zfE9YT/S.gpg-agent ....
[[email ~]$ netstat -at Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 localhost:mysql *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:5901 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:5902 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:x11-1 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:x11-2 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 *:5938 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:5940 *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 ravisaive-OptiPl:domain *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 ravisaive-OptiPl:domain *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 localhost:ipp *:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 ravisaive-OptiPle:48270 ec2-23-21-236-70.c:http ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 ravisaive-OptiPle:48272 ec2-23-21-236-70.c:http TIME_WAIT tcp 0 0 ravisaive-OptiPle:48421 bom03s01-in-f22.1:https ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 ravisaive-OptiPle:48269 ec2-23-21-236-70.c:http ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 ravisaive-OptiPle:39084 channel-ecmp-06-f:https ESTABLISHED ...
[[email ~]$ netstat -s Ip: 4994239 total packets received 0 forwarded 0 incoming packets discarded 4165741 incoming packets delivered 3248924 requests sent out 8 outgoing packets dropped Icmp: 29460 ICMP messages received 566 input ICMP message failed. ICMP input histogram: destination unreachable: 98 redirects: 29362 2918 ICMP messages sent 0 ICMP messages failed ICMP output histogram: destination unreachable: 2918 IcmpMsg: InType3: 98 InType5: 29362 OutType3: 2918 Tcp: 94533 active connections openings 23 passive connection openings 5870 failed connection attempts 7194 connection resets received ....
KOLLOX SEW! Għal xi raġuni jekk trid ma ssolvix il-host, il-port u l-isem tal-utent bħala output ta 'netstat.
[[email ~]$ netstat -an
Tajjeb, jista 'jkollok bżonn tikseb l-output ta' netstat kontinwament sakemm tgħaddi l-istruzzjoni tal-interruzzjoni (ctrl+c).
[[email ~]$ netstat -c
Għal aktar eżempji ta’ kmand “netstat” u użu, ara l-artikolu 20 Eżempji ta’ Kmand Netstat.
43. Kmand: nslookup
Programm ta' utilità tan-netwerk użat biex tinkiseb informazzjoni dwar is-servers tal-Internet. Kif jissuġġerixxi isimha, l-utilità ssib informazzjoni dwar is-server tal-isem għad-dominji billi tistaqsi d-DNS.
[[email ~]$ nslookup linux-console.net Server: 192.168.1.1 Address: 192.168.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: linux-console.net Address: 50.16.67.239
[[email ~]$ nslookup -query=mx linux-console.net Server: 192.168.1.1 Address: 192.168.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: linux-console.net mail exchanger = 0 smtp.secureserver.net. linux-console.net mail exchanger = 10 mailstore1.secureserver.net. Authoritative answers can be found from:
[[email ~]$ nslookup -type=ns linux-console.net Server: 192.168.1.1 Address: 192.168.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: linux-console.net nameserver = ns3404.com. linux-console.net nameserver = ns3403.com. Authoritative answers can be found from:
[[email ~]$ nslookup -type=any linux-console.net Server: 192.168.1.1 Address: 192.168.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: linux-console.net mail exchanger = 10 mailstore1.secureserver.net. linux-console.net mail exchanger = 0 smtp.secureserver.net. linux-console.net nameserver = ns06.domaincontrol.com. linux-console.net nameserver = ns3404.com. linux-console.net nameserver = ns3403.com. linux-console.net nameserver = ns05.domaincontrol.com. Authoritative answers can be found from:
[[email ~]$ nslookup -type=soa linux-console.net Server: 192.168.1.1 Address: 192.168.1.1#53 Non-authoritative answer: linux-console.net origin = ns3403.hostgator.com mail addr = dnsadmin.gator1702.hostgator.com serial = 2012081102 refresh = 86400 retry = 7200 expire = 3600000 minimum = 86400 Authoritative answers can be found from:
Ibdel in-numru tal-port li bih trid tikkonnettja
[[email ~]$ nslookup -port 56 linux-console.net Server: linux-console.net Address: 50.16.76.239#53 Name: 56 Address: 14.13.253.12
44. Kmand: ħaffer
dig hija għodda għall-mistoqsijiet ta' nameservers tad-DNS għal informazzjoni dwar indirizzi ospitanti, skambji tal-posta, nameservers, u informazzjoni relatata. Din l-għodda tista 'tintuża minn kwalunkwe sistema operattiva Linux (Unix) jew Macintosh OS X. L-aktar użu tipiku ta 'dig huwa li sempliċiment mistoqsija host wieħed.
[[email ~]$ dig linux-console.net ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> linux-console.net ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<
[[email ~]$ dig linux-console.net +nocomments ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> linux-console.net +nocomments ;; global options: +cmd ;linux-console.net. IN A linux-console.net. 14400 IN A 40.216.66.239 ;; Query time: 418 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1) ;; WHEN: Sat Jun 29 13:53:22 2013 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 45
[[email ~]$ dig linux-console.net +noauthority ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> linux-console.net +noauthority ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<
[[email ~]$ dig linux-console.net +noadditional ; <<>> DiG 9.9.2-P1 <<>> linux-console.net +noadditional ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<
[[email ~]$ dig linux-console.net +nostats ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> linux-console.net +nostats ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<
[[email ~]$ dig linux-console.net +noanswer ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> linux-console.net +noanswer ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<
[[email ~]$ dig linux-console.net +noall ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> linux-console.net +noall ;; global options: +cmd
45. Kmand: uptime
Għadek kemm konnessi mal-Linux Server Machine tiegħek u twaqqaf Xi ħaġa mhux tas-soltu jew malizzjuża, x'se tagħmel? Aqta…. LE, żgur li ma tista' tħaddem il-ħin biex tivverifika x'ġara fil-fatt meta s-server ma kienx hemm nies magħhom.
[[email ~]$ uptime 14:37:10 up 4:21, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.04
46. Kmand: ħajt
wieħed mill-aktar kmand importanti għall-amministratur, il-ħajt jibgħat messaġġ lil kull min illoggja bil-permess tal-mesg tagħhom issettjat għal iva. Il-messaġġ jista 'jingħata bħala argument lill-ħajt, jew jista' jintbagħat lill-input standard tal-ħajt.
[[email ~]$ wall "we will be going down for maintenance for one hour sharply at 03:30 pm" Broadcast message from [email (pts/0) (Sat Jun 29 14:44:02 2013): we will be going down for maintenance for one hour sharply at 03:30 pm
47. kmand: mesg
Iħallik tikkontrolla jekk in-nies jistgħux jużaw il-kmand \kitba, biex jibagħtulek test fuq l-iskrin.
mesg [n|y] n - prevents the message from others popping up on the screen. y – Allows messages to appear on your screen.
48. Kmand: ikteb
Ħalli inti tibgħat test direttament lill-iskrin ta 'magna Linux oħra jekk 'mesg' hija 'y'.
[[email ~]$ write ravisaive
49. Kmand: kellem
Titjib biex tikteb kmand, talk kmand ihallik titkellem mal-utenti li illoggjaw.
[[email ~]$ talk ravisaive
Nota: Jekk il-kmand tat-taħdit mhux installat, dejjem tista' twaħħal jew yum il-pakketti meħtieġa.
[[email ~]$ yum install talk OR [[email ~]$ apt-get install talk
50. Kmand: w
x’kmand ‘w’ jidhirlek umoristiku? Imma fil-fatt mhuwiex. t huwa kmand, anke jekk huwa twil ittra waħda biss! Il-kmand w huwa kombinazzjoni ta 'uptime u min jikkmanda jingħata wieħed immedjatament wara l-ieħor, f'dik l-ordni.
[[email ~]$ w 15:05:42 up 4:49, 3 users, load average: 0.02, 0.01, 0.00 USER TTY FROM [email IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT server tty7 :0 14:06 4:43m 1:42 0.08s pam: gdm-passwo server pts/0 :0.0 14:18 0.00s 0.23s 1.65s gnome-terminal server pts/1 :0.0 14:47 4:43 0.01s 0.01s bash
51. Kmand: semmi mill-ġdid
Kif jissuġġerixxi l-isem, dan il-kmand semmi mill-ġdid il-fajls. semmi mill-ġdid se semmi mill-ġdid il-fajls speċifikati billi tissostitwixxi l-ewwel okkorrenza mill-isem tal-fajl.
Give the file names a1, a2, a3, a4.....1213
Ittajpja biss il-kmand.
rename a1 a0 a? rename a1 a0 a??
52. Kmand: fuq
Juri l-proċessi tas-CPU. Dan il-kmand jġedded awtomatikament, awtomatikament u jkompli juri proċessi tas-CPU sakemm ma tingħatax struzzjoni ta' interruzzjoni.
[[email ~]$ top top - 14:06:45 up 10 days, 20:57, 2 users, load average: 0.10, 0.16, 0.21 Tasks: 240 total, 1 running, 235 sleeping, 0 stopped, 4 zombie %Cpu(s): 2.0 us, 0.5 sy, 0.0 ni, 97.5 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem: 2028240 total, 1777848 used, 250392 free, 81804 buffers KiB Swap: 3905532 total, 156748 used, 3748784 free, 381456 cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 23768 ravisaiv 20 0 1428m 571m 41m S 2.3 28.9 14:27.52 firefox 24182 ravisaiv 20 0 511m 132m 25m S 1.7 6.7 2:45.94 plugin-containe 26929 ravisaiv 20 0 5344 1432 972 R 0.7 0.1 0:00.07 top 24875 ravisaiv 20 0 263m 14m 10m S 0.3 0.7 0:02.76 lxterminal 1 root 20 0 3896 1928 1228 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.62 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:17.28 ksoftirqd/0 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H 7 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/u:0H 8 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.12 migration/0 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:26.94 rcu_sched 11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.95 watchdog/0 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.00 watchdog/1 13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:17.80 ksoftirqd/1 14 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.12 migration/1 16 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H 17 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cpuset 18 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper 19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kdevtmpfs 20 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns 21 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 bdi-default 22 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd 23 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd 24 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_sff
Aqra wkoll: 12 Eżempji tal-Kmand TOP
53. Kmand: mkfs.ext4
Dan il-kmand joħloq sistema ġdida ta 'fajls ext4 fuq l-apparat speċifikat, jekk jiġi segwit apparat ħażin wara dan il-kmand, il-blokk kollu se jintmesaħ u jkun ifformattjat, għalhekk huwa ssuġġerit li ma tmexxix dan il-kmand sakemm u sakemm tifhem x'qed tagħmel.
Mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 (sda1 block will be formatted) mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 (sdb1 block will be formatted)
Aqra aktar: X'inhu Ext4 u Kif Toħloq u Tikkonverti
54. Kmand: vi/emacs/nano
vi (viżwali), emacs, nano huma wħud mill-edituri l-aktar użati fil-Linux. Ħafna drabi jintużaw biex jeditjaw test, konfigurazzjoni,... fajls. Gwida ta' malajr biex taħdem madwar vi u nano hija, emacs huwa a.
[[email ~]$ touch a.txt (creates a text file a.txt) [[email ~]$ vi a.txt (open a.txt with vi editor)
[agħfas ‘i’ biex tidħol fil-modalità ta’ inserzjoni, jew ma tkun tista’ tikteb xejn]
echo "Hello" (your text here for the file)
- alt+x (ħruġ mill-mod ta' inserzjoni, ftakar li żżomm ftit spazju bejn l-aħħar ittra.
- ctrl+x kmand jew l-aħħar kelma tiegħek titħassar).
- :wq! (jiffranka l-fajl, bit-test kurrenti, ftakar li ‘!’ huwa li jinqabeż).
[[email ~]$ nano a.txt (open a.txt file to be edited with nano)
edit, with the content, required
ctrl +x (biex tagħlaq l-editur). Se juri l-output bħala:
Save modified buffer (ANSWERING "No" WILL DESTROY CHANGES) ? Y Yes N No ^C Cancel
Ikklikkja 'y' biex iva u daħħal l-isem tal-fajl, u lest.
55. Kmand: rsync
Rsync tikkopja fajls u għandha swiċċ -P għal bar ta 'progress. Mela jekk għandek rsync installat, tista' tuża alias sempliċi.
alias cp='rsync -aP'
Issa ipprova tikkopja fajl kbir fit-terminal u ara l-output b'oġġetti li jifdal, simili għal bar ta 'progress.
Barra minn hekk, iż-Żamma u ż-Żamma tal-backup huwa wieħed mill-aktar xogħol importanti u boring li jeħtieġ li jwettaq amministratur tas-sistema. Rsync hija għodda sabiħa ħafna (jeżisti, bosta oħrajn) biex toħloq u żżomm backup, fit-terminal.
[[email ~]$ rsync -zvr IMG_5267\ copy\=33\ copy\=ok.jpg ~/Desktop/ sending incremental file list IMG_5267 copy=33 copy=ok.jpg sent 2883830 bytes received 31 bytes 5767722.00 bytes/sec total size is 2882771 speedup is 1.00
Nota: -z għall-kompressjoni, -v għal verbose u -r għal rikorsiv.
56. Kmand: b'xejn
Iż-żamma tal-memorja u r-riżorsi hija importanti daqs kull kompitu ieħor imwettaq minn amministratur, u l-kmand 'ħieles' jiġi biex isalva hawn.
[[email ~]$ free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2028240 1788272 239968 0 69468 363716 -/+ buffers/cache: 1355088 673152 Swap: 3905532 157076 3748456
[[email ~]$ free -b total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2076917760 1838272512 238645248 0 71348224 372670464 -/+ buffers/cache: 1394253824 682663936 Swap: 3999264768 160845824 3838418944
[[email ~]$ free -k total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2028240 1801484 226756 0 69948 363704 -/+ buffers/cache: 1367832 660408 Swap: 3905532 157076 3748456
[[email ~]$ free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1980 1762 218 0 68 355 -/+ buffers/cache: 1338 641 Swap: 3813 153 3660
[[email ~]$ free -g total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1 1 0 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 1 0 Swap: 3 0 3
[[email ~]$ free -h total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1.9G 1.7G 208M 0B 68M 355M -/+ buffers/cache: 1.3G 632M Swap: 3.7G 153M 3.6G
[[email ~]$ free -s 3 total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2028240 1824096 204144 0 70708 364180 -/+ buffers/cache: 1389208 639032 Swap: 3905532 157076 3748456 total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2028240 1824192 204048 0 70716 364212 -/+ buffers/cache: 1389264 638976 Swap: 3905532 157076 3748456
57. Kmand: mysqldump
Ok s'issa kont fhimt xi jfisser dan il-kmand fil-fatt, mill-isem ta' dan il-kmand. mysqldump jikkmanda dumps (backups) id-data tad-database kollha jew partikolari f'fajl partikolari.
[[email ~]$ mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > /home/server/Desktop/backupfile.sql
Nota: mysqldump jeħtieġ li mysql ikun qed jaħdem u jikkoreġi l-password għall-awtorizzazzjoni. Aħna koprejna xi kmandi utli mysqldump f'Database Backup bil-Kmand mysqldump
58. Kmand: mkpasswd
Agħmel password każwali, diffiċli biex tissejjes, tat-tul kif speċifikat.
[[email ~]$ mkpasswd -l 10 zI4+Ybqfx9
[[email ~]$ mkpasswd -l 20 w0Pr7aqKk&hmbmqdrlmk
Nota: -l 10 jiġġenera password każwali ta '10 karattri filwaqt li -l 20 jiġġenera password ta' karattru 20, tista 'tiġi ssettjata għal kwalunkwe ħaġa biex tikseb riżultat mixtieq. Dan il-kmand huwa utli ħafna u implimentat fil-lingwa tal-kitba ta' spiss biex jiġġenera passwords każwali. Jista 'jkollok bżonn li yum jew apt il-pakkett tistenna biex tuża dan il-kmand.
yum install expect OR apt-get install expect
59. Kmand: pejst
Jingħaqdu żewġ fajls test jew aktar fuq linji bl-użu. Eżempju. Jekk il-kontenut tal-file1 kien:
1 2 3 and file2 was: a b c d the resulting file3 would be: 1 a 2 b 3 c d
60.Kmand: lsof
lsof tfisser \lista fajls miftuħa u turi l-fajls kollha li s-sistema tiegħek tkun infetħet bħalissa. Huwa utli ħafna li wieħed jifhem liema proċessi juża ċertu fajl, jew li juri l-fajls kollha għal proċess wieħed. Xi Kmand 10 lsof utli eżempji, tista’ tkun interessat fil-qari.
[[email ~]$ lsof COMMAND PID TID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME init 1 root cwd DIR 8,1 4096 2 / init 1 root rtd DIR 8,1 4096 2 / init 1 root txt REG 8,1 227432 395571 /sbin/init init 1 root mem REG 8,1 47080 263023 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libnss_files-2.17.so init 1 root mem REG 8,1 42672 270178 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libnss_nis-2.17.so init 1 root mem REG 8,1 87940 270187 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libnsl-2.17.so init 1 root mem REG 8,1 30560 263021 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libnss_compat-2.17.so init 1 root mem REG 8,1 124637 270176 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.17.so init 1 root mem REG 8,1 1770984 266166 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc-2.17.so init 1 root mem REG 8,1 30696 262824 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/librt-2.17.so init 1 root mem REG 8,1 34392 262867 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libjson.so.0.1.0 init 1 root mem REG 8,1 296792 262889 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libdbus-1.so.3.7.2 init 1 root mem REG 8,1 34168 262840 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libnih-dbus.so.1.0.0 init 1 root mem REG 8,1 95616 262848 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libnih.so.1.0.0 init 1 root mem REG 8,1 134376 270186 /lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-2.17.so init 1 root 0u CHR 1,3 0t0 1035 /dev/null init 1 root 1u CHR 1,3 0t0 1035 /dev/null init 1 root 2u CHR 1,3 0t0 1035 /dev/null init 1 root 3r FIFO 0,8 0t0 1714 pipe init 1 root 4w FIFO 0,8 0t0 1714 pipe init 1 root 5r 0000 0,9 0 6245 anon_inode init 1 root 6r 0000 0,9 0 6245 anon_inode init 1 root 7u unix 0xf5e91f80 0t0 8192 @/com/ubuntu/upstart init 1 root 8w REG 8,1 3916 394 /var/log/upstart/teamviewerd.log.1 (deleted)
Dan mhux it-tmiem, Amministratur tas-Sistema jagħmel ħafna affarijiet, biex jagħtik interface daqshekk sabiħ, li fuqha taħdem. L-Amministrazzjoni tas-Sistema hija fil-fatt arti ta 'tagħlim u implimentazzjoni b'mod ferm perfett. Aħna nippruvaw niksbuk bl-affarijiet l-oħra kollha meħtieġa li professjonist tal-Linux irid jitgħallem, Linux fil-bażiku tiegħu fil-fatt innifsu, huwa proċess ta 'tagħlim u tagħlim. Il-kliem it-tajjeb tiegħek huwa dejjem imfittex, li jħeġġiġna nagħmlu aktar sforz biex nagħtuk artiklu infurmati. \Like u aqsamna, biex tgħinna nfirxu.