Oħloq Indirizzi IP Multipli għal Interface Waħda tan-Netwerk Uniku
Il-kunċett tal-ħolqien jew il-konfigurazzjoni ta' indirizzi IP multipli fuq interface tan-netwerk wieħed jissejjaħ IP aliasing. IP aliasing huwa utli ħafna għat-twaqqif ta 'siti virtwali multipli fuq Apache bl-użu ta' interface ta 'netwerk wieħed b'indirizzi IP differenti fuq netwerk ta' subnet wieħed.
Il-vantaġġ ewlieni li tuża dan l-aliasing IP huwa, m'għandekx bżonn li jkollok adapter fiżiku mehmuż ma 'kull IP, iżda minflok tista' toħloq interfaces virtwali multipli jew ħafna (aliases) għal karta fiżika waħda.
L-istruzzjonijiet mogħtija hawn huma japplikaw għad-distribuzzjonijiet ewlenin kollha tal-Linux bħal Red Hat, Fedora, u CentOS. Il-ħolqien ta' interfaces multipli u l-assenja l-indirizz IP lilu manwalment huwa kompitu skoraġġanti. Hawnhekk ser naraw kif nistgħu nassenjaw l-indirizz IP lilu li jiddefinixxi sett ta 'firxa IP. Nifhmu wkoll kif se noħolqu interface virtwali u nassenjaw firxa differenti ta 'Indirizz IP għal interface f'daqqa. F'dan l-artikolu użajna l-IP tal-LAN, għalhekk ibdel dawk b'dawk li tkun se tuża.
Ħolqien ta' Interface Virtwali u Assenja Indirizzi IP Multipli
Hawnhekk għandi interface imsejjaħ ifcfg-eth0, l-interface default għall-apparat Ethernet. Jekk waħħalt it-tieni apparat Ethernet, allura jkun hemm apparat ifcfg-eth1 u l-bqija għal kull apparat li tkun imwaħħal. Dawn il-fajls tan-netwerk tal-apparat jinsabu fid-direttorju “/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/”. Innaviga fid-direttorju u agħmel ls -l biex telenka l-apparati kollha.
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ # ls -l
ifcfg-eth0 ifdown-isdn ifup-aliases ifup-plusb init.ipv6-global ifcfg-lo ifdown-post ifup-bnep ifup-post net.hotplug ifdown ifdown-ppp ifup-eth ifup-ppp network-functions ifdown-bnep ifdown-routes ifup-ippp ifup-routes network-functions-ipv6 ifdown-eth ifdown-sit ifup-ipv6 ifup-sit ifdown-ippp ifdown-tunnel ifup-isdn ifup-tunnel ifdown-ipv6 ifup ifup-plip ifup-wireless
Ejja nassumu li rridu noħolqu tliet interfaces virtwali addizzjonali biex torbot tliet indirizzi IP (172.16.16.126, 172.16.16.127, u 172.16.16.128) mal-NIC. Għalhekk, irridu noħolqu tliet alias fajls addizzjonali, filwaqt li ifcfg-eth0 iżomm l-istess indirizz IP primarju. Dan huwa kif nimxu 'l quddiem biex inwaqqfu tliet psewdonimi biex jorbtu l-indirizzi IP li ġejjin.
Adapter IP Address Type ------------------------------------------------- eth0 172.16.16.125 Primary eth0:0 172.16.16.126 Alias 1 eth0:1 172.16.16.127 Alias 2 eth0:2 172.16.16.128 Alias 3
Fejn :X huwa n-numru tal-apparat (interface) biex jinħolqu l-psewdonimi għall-interface eth0. Għal kull alias trid tassenja numru b'mod sekwenzjali. Per eżempju, aħna nikkopja parametri eżistenti ta 'interface ifcfg-eth0 f'interfaces virtwali imsejħa ifcfg-eth0:0, ifcfg-eth0:1 u ifcfg-eth0:2. Mur fid-direttorju tan-netwerk u oħloq il-fajls kif muri hawn taħt.
# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ # cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:0 # cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:1 # cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:2
Iftaħ fajl ifcfg-eth0 u ara l-kontenut.
vi ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE="eth0" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.125 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
Hawnhekk għandna bżonn biss żewġ parametri (DEVICE u IPADDR). Allura, iftaħ kull fajl bl-editur VI u semmi mill-ġdid l-isem TA ' APPARAT għall-alias korrispondenti tiegħu u ibdel l-indirizz IPADDR. Pereżempju, iftaħ fajls ifcfg-eth0:0, ifcfg-eth0:1 u ifcfg-eth0:2 billi tuża VI editur u ibdel iż-żewġ parametri. Fl-aħħar nett se tidher simili għal hawn taħt.
DEVICE="eth0:0" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.126 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
DEVICE="eth0:1" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.127 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
DEVICE="eth0:2" BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR=172.16.16.128 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 GATEWAY=172.16.16.100 HWADDR=00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
Ladarba, tkun għamilt il-bidliet kollha, issejvja l-bidliet kollha tiegħek u terġa 'tibda/ibda s-servizz tan-netwerk biex il-bidliet jirriflettu.
/etc/init.d/network restart
Biex tivverifika l-psewdonomi kollha (interface virtwali) qed jaħdmu, tista 'tuża kmand ip.
ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.125 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:237 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:198 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:25429 (24.8 KiB) TX bytes:26910 (26.2 KiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.126 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.127 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.128 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000Ping kull wieħed minnhom minn magna differenti. Jekk kollox jitwaqqaf b'mod korrett, ikollok rispons ping minn kull wieħed minnhom.
ping 172.16.16.126 ping 172.16.16.127 ping 172.16.16.128
ping 172.16.16.126 PING 172.16.16.126 (172.16.16.126) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.126: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms --- 172.16.16.126 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms ping 172.16.16.127 PING 172.16.16.127 (172.16.16.127) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.127: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms --- 172.16.16.127 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms ping 172.16.16.128 PING 172.16.16.128 (172.16.16.128) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.33 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.16.128: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms --- 172.16.16.128 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.552/1.332/0.551 ms
Jidher li kollox jaħdem bla xkiel, B'dawn l-IPs ġodda 'tista' twaqqaf siti virtwali f'Apache, kontijiet FTP u ħafna affarijiet oħra.
Assenja Medda ta' Indirizzi IP Multipli
Jekk tixtieq toħloq firxa ta 'Indirizzi IP Multipli għal interface partikolari msejħa ifcfg-eth0, nużaw ifcfg-eth0-range0 u nikkopja l-kontenut ta' ifcfg-eth0 fuqha kif muri hawn taħt.
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ cp -p ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0-range0
Issa tiftaħ il-fajl “ifcfg-eth0-range0” u żid il-firxa tal-indirizzi IP “IPADDR_START” u “IPADDR_END” kif muri hawn taħt.
vi ifcfg-eth0-range0 #DEVICE="eth0" #BOOTPROTO=none #NM_CONTROLLED="yes" #ONBOOT=yes TYPE="Ethernet" IPADDR_START=172.16.16.126 IPADDR_END=172.16.16.130 IPV6INIT=no #GATEWAY=172.16.16.100
Issejvjah u terġa' tibda/ibda s-servizz tan-netwerk
/etc/init.d/network restart
Ivverifika li l-interfaces virtwali huma maħluqa bl-Indirizz IP.
ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.125 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe28:fd4c/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1385 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1249 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:127317 (124.3 KiB) TX bytes:200787 (196.0 KiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.126 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.127 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.128 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.129 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000
eth0:4 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:28:FD:4C
inet addr:172.16.16.130 Bcast:172.16.16.100 Mask:255.255.255.224
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000Jekk għandek xi problemi fit-twaqqif, jekk jogħġbok ibgħat il-mistoqsijiet tiegħek fit-taqsima tal-kummenti.