15 Eżempji Prattiċi ta' dpkg kmandi għal Distros Ibbażati fuq Debian
Debian GNU/Linux, is-Sistema Operattiva omm ta’ numru ta’ distribuzzjonijiet Linux inklużi Knoppix, Kali, Ubuntu, Mint, eċċ. juża diversi Maniġer ta’ pakketti bħal dpkg, apt, aptitude, synaptic, tasksel, deselect, dpkg-deb u dpkg-split .
Se nkunu qed niddeskrivu kull wieħed minn dawn fil-qosor qabel ma niffukaw fuq il-kmand 'dpkg'.
Apt tfisser Advanced Package Tool. Ma jittrattax il-pakkett 'deb' u jaħdem direttament, iżda jaħdem bl-arkivju 'deb' mill-post speċifikat fil-fajl /etc/apt/sources.list.
Aqra Aktar : 25 Kmandi Bażiċi Utli ta 'Kmandi APT-GET
Aptitude huwa maniġer tal-pakketti bbażat fuq test għal Debian li huwa front-end għal 'apt', li jippermetti lill-utent jimmaniġġja pakketti faċilment.
Maniġer tal-pakketti grafiku li jagħmilha faċli biex jiġu installati, aġġornati u diżinstallati pakketti anke għal novizzi.
Tasksel iħalli lill-utent jinstalla l-pakketti rilevanti kollha relatati ma 'kompitu speċifiku, jiġifieri, Desktop-environment.
Għodda ta 'ġestjoni tal-pakketti mmexxija mill-menu, inizjalment użata matul l-ewwel darba li tinstalla u issa hija sostitwita b'aptitude.
Jinteraġixxi mal-arkivju Debian.
Utli fil-qsim u l-għaqda ta 'fajls kbar f'biċċiet ta' fajls żgħar biex jinħażnu fuq midja ta 'daqs iżgħar bħal floppy-disk.
dpkg huwa l-programm ewlieni tal-ġestjoni tal-pakketti fis-Sistema bbażata fuq Debian u Debian. Jintuża biex tinstalla, tibni, tneħħi u timmaniġġja pakketti. Aptitude hija l-front-end primarju għal dpkg.
Uħud mill-kmandi dpkg l-aktar użati flimkien mal-użi tagħhom huma elenkati hawn:
1. Installa Pakkett
Għall-installazzjoni ta 'pakkett .deb, uża l-kmand bl-għażla -i. Pereżempju, biex tinstalla pakkett .deb imsejjaħ flashpluginnonfree_2.8.2+squeeze1_i386.deb uża l-kmand li ġej.
dpkg -i flashpluginnonfree_2.8.2+squeeze1_i386.deb
Selecting previously unselected package flashplugin-nonfree. (Reading database ... 465729 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking flashplugin-nonfree (from flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ... Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ... --2013-10-01 16:23:40-- http://fpdownload.macromedia.com/get/flashplayer/pdc/11.2.202.310/install_flash_player_11_linux.i386.tar.gz Resolving fpdownload.macromedia.com (fpdownload.macromedia.com)... 23.64.66.70 Connecting to fpdownload.macromedia.com (fpdownload.macromedia.com)|23.64.66.70|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 6923724 (6.6M) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: ‘/tmp/flashplugin-nonfree.FPxQ4l02fL/install_flash_player_11_linux.i386.tar.gz’
2. Elenka l-Pakketti installati kollha
Biex tara u telenka l-pakketti installati kollha, uża l-għażla -l flimkien mal-kmand.
dpkg -l
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-======================================-========================-=============================================================================== ii accerciser 3.8.0-0ubuntu1 all interactive Python accessibility explorer for the GNOME desktop ii account-plugin-aim 3.6.4-0ubuntu4.1 i386 Messaging account plugin for AIM ii account-plugin-facebook 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - facebook ii account-plugin-flickr 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - flickr ii account-plugin-generic-oauth 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - generic OAuth ii account-plugin-google 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon rc account-plugin-identica 0.10bzr13.03.26-0ubuntu1 i386 GNOME Control Center account plugin for single signon - identica ii account-plugin-jabber 3.6.4-0ubuntu4.1 i386 Messaging account plugin for Jabber/XMPP ....
Biex tara pakkett speċifiku installat jew le uża l-għażla -l flimkien mal-isem tal-pakkett. Per eżempju, iċċekkja jekk il-pakkett apache2 installat jew le.
dpkg -l apache2
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-======================================-========================-============================================== ii apache2 2.2.22-6ubuntu5.1 i386 Apache HTTP Server metapackage
3. Neħħi Pakkett
Biex tneħħi l-pakkett .deb, irridu nispeċifikaw l-isem tal-pakkett flashpluginnonfree, mhux l-isem oriġinali flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb. L-għażla -r tintuża biex tneħħi/diżinstalla pakkett.
dpkg -r flashpluginnonfree
(Reading database ... 142891 files and directories currently installed.) Removing flashpluginnonfree ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for menu ... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
Tista 'wkoll tuża l-għażla 'p' minflok 'r' li se tneħħi l-pakkett flimkien mal-fajl tal-konfigurazzjoni. L-għażla 'r' tneħħi biss il-pakkett u mhux il-fajls tal-konfigurazzjoni.
dpkg -p flashpluginnonfree
4. Ara l-Kontenut ta' Pakkett
Biex tara l-kontenut ta’ pakkett partikolari, uża l-għażla “-c” kif murija. Il-kmand se juri l-kontenut ta’ pakkett “.deb” f’format ta’ lista twila.
dpkg -c flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/bin/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/mozilla/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 3920 2009-09-09 22:51 ./usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/pubkey.asc drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/man8/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 716 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-flashplugin-nonfree.8.gz drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/applications/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/hicolor/ drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2012-12-14 22:54 ./usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/ ....
5. Iċċekkja li Pakkett ikun installat jew le
L-użu ta '-s għażla bl-isem tal-pakkett, se juri jekk pakkett deb installat jew le.
dpkg -s flashplugin-nonfree
Package: flashplugin-nonfree Status: install ok installed Priority: optional Section: contrib/web Installed-Size: 177 Maintainer: Bart Martens <[email > Architecture: i386 Version: 1:3.2 Replaces: flashplugin (<< 6) Depends: debconf | debconf-2.0, wget, gnupg, libatk1.0-0, libcairo2, libfontconfig1, libfreetype6, libgcc1, libglib2.0-0, libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.14), libnspr4, libnss3, libpango1.0-0, libstdc++6, libx11-6, libxext6, libxt6, libcurl3-gnutls, binutils Suggests: iceweasel, konqueror-nsplugins, ttf-mscorefonts-installer, ttf-dejavu, ttf-xfree86-nonfree, flashplugin-nonfree-extrasound, hal Conflicts: flashplayer-mozilla, flashplugin (<< 6), libflash-mozplugin, xfs (<< 1:1.0.1-5) Description: Adobe Flash Player - browser plugin ...
6. Iċċekkja l-post tal-Pakketti installati
Biex telenka l-post tal-fajls li għandhom jiġu installati fis-sistema tiegħek minn isem-pakkett.
dpkg -L flashplugin-nonfree
/. /usr /usr/bin /usr/lib /usr/lib/mozilla /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins /usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree /usr/lib/flashplugin-nonfree/pubkey.asc /usr/share /usr/share/man /usr/share/man/man8 /usr/share/man/man8/update-flashplugin-nonfree.8.gz /usr/share/applications /usr/share/icons /usr/share/icons/hicolor ...
7. Installa l-Pakketti kollha minn Direttorju
Rikursiv, installa l-fajls regolari kollha li jaqblu mal-mudell *.deb misjuba fid-direttorji speċifikati u s-subdirettorji kollha tiegħu. Dan jista 'jintuża b'għażliet -R u -install. Pereżempju, se ninstalla l-pakketti kollha .deb mid-direttorju msejjaħ debpackages.
dpkg -R --install debpackages/
(Reading database ... 465836 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace flashplugin-nonfree 1:3.2 (using .../flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement flashplugin-nonfree ... Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
8. Ippakkja l-Pakkett imma ma’ Ikkonfigura
L-użu ta’ l-azzjoni “–unpack” se jneħħi l-pakkett, iżda mhux se jinstallah jew jikkonfigurah.
dpkg --unpack flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb
(Reading database ... 465836 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace flashplugin-nonfree 1:3.2 (using flashplugin-nonfree_3.2_i386.deb) ... Unpacking replacement flashplugin-nonfree ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
9. Ikkonfigura mill-ġdid Pakkett Mhux Ippakkjat
L-għażla “–configure” se terġa’ tikkonfigura pakkett li diġà ġie mhux ippakkjat.
dpkg --configure flashplugin-nonfree
Setting up flashplugin-nonfree (1:3.2) ...
10. Ibdel l-informazzjoni disponibbli tal-Pakkett
L-għażla “–-update-avail” tissostitwixxi l-informazzjoni l-antika bl-informazzjoni disponibbli fil-fajl tal-Pakketti.
dpkg –-update-avail package_name
11. Ħassar l-informazzjoni Eżistenti Disponibbli tal-Pakkett
L-azzjoni “–clear-avaial” se tħassar l-informazzjoni kurrenti dwar liema pakketti huma disponibbli.
dpkg –-clear-avail
12. Tinsa Pakketti Mhux Installati u Mhux Disponibbli
Il-kmand dpkg bl-għażla “–forget-old-unavail” awtomatikament jinsa pakketti mhux installati u mhux disponibbli.
dpkg --forget-old-unavail
13. Uri dpkg License
dpkg --licence
14. Uri dpkg Verżjoni
L-argument “–version” se juri informazzjoni dwar il-verżjoni dpkg.
dpkg –version
Debian `dpkg' package management program version 1.16.10 (i386). This is free software; see the GNU General Public License version 2 or later for copying conditions. There is NO warranty.
15. Ikseb l-Għajnuna kollha dwar dpkg
L-għażla “–help” se turi lista ta’ għażliet disponibbli tal-kmand dpkg.
dpkg –help
Usage: dpkg [<option> ...] <command> Commands: -i|--install <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ... --unpack <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ... -A|--record-avail <.deb file name> ... | -R|--recursive <directory> ... --configure <package> ... | -a|--pending --triggers-only <package> ... | -a|--pending -r|--remove <package> ... | -a|--pending -P|--purge <package> ... | -a|--pending --get-selections [<pattern> ...] Get list of selections to stdout. --set-selections Set package selections from stdin. --clear-selections Deselect every non-essential package. --update-avail <Packages-file> Replace available packages info. --merge-avail <Packages-file> Merge with info from file. --clear-avail Erase existing available info. --forget-old-unavail Forget uninstalled unavailable pkgs. -s|--status <package> ... Display package status details. ...
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